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Postgres TEXT vs VARCHAR: When to Use Which

Not sure whether to use TEXT or VARCHAR in PostgreSQL? You’re not alone. Both types store string data, but they serve slightly different purposes. This guide clears up the confusion with clear examples and tips to help you pick the right type for your database.

TEXT vs VARCHAR: What’s the Difference?

  • TEXT:

    No length restriction. Best for descriptions, comments, or unbounded text.

    CREATE TABLE articles (body TEXT);
    
  • VARCHAR(N):

    Enforces a character limit, making it ideal for usernames or product codes.

    CREATE TABLE users (username VARCHAR(50));
    

Both types store data dynamically and perform similarly in most cases.

Example: Product Table

CREATE TABLE products (
  name VARCHAR(100),
  tagline VARCHAR(50),
  description TEXT
);
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Invalid insert (too long):

INSERT INTO products (name, tagline)
VALUES ('Smartphone Y', 'This is way too long for the allowed length...');
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Valid insert:

INSERT INTO products (name, tagline)
VALUES ('Smartphone Y', 'Affordable and reliable');
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Comparison Overview

Attribute TEXT VARCHAR(N)
Max Length Unlimited Defined by N
Storage Dynamic Dynamic
Performance Similar Slightly slower (validation)
Best Use Descriptions, comments Codes, usernames

FAQ

Can I switch from VARCHAR to TEXT?

Yes, it’s seamless and risk-free.

Will TEXT waste space?

No, it uses just enough to store your string.

Is VARCHAR faster?

Only marginally if validation matters.

Can I validate TEXT length?

Yes, with CHECK (LENGTH(column) <= N).

Conclusion

Choosing between TEXT and VARCHAR is about balancing control and flexibility. Both perform well, so pick based on your data needs. For easier schema management and visual query building, try DbVisualizer. Read Postgres TEXT vs VARCHAR: Comparing String Data Types article for more insights.

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