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21 Best Ruby Testing Frameworks For 2023

VeetheeDixit1 — Mon, 13 Feb 2023 09:19:46 +0000

QAs are always searching for the best automation testing frameworks that provide rich features with simple syntax, better compatibility, and faster execution. If you choose to use Ruby in conjunction with Selenium for web testing, it may be necessary to search for Ruby based testing frameworks for web application testing.

Ruby testing frameworks offer a wide range of features, such as support for behavior-driven development, mocking and stubbing, and test suite organization, making it easier for developers to write effective tests for their Ruby-based applications.

Over the past decade, it has become clear that technology will keep making huge strides. Since Ruby has maintained its popularity and usability for over two decades, it makes sense to throw some light on the best Ruby-based frameworks. Since every business needs to consider long-term benefits, picking the right Ruby automation testing framework is a big decision. The options out there can be overwhelming.

In this blog, let’s look at the 21 best Ruby testing frameworks for 2023. We will also check out microframeworks that handle some primary concerns in case you don’t need a full-fledged framework. So are you ready to scale your business by leveraging the unmatched power of Ruby?

Perfect! Let’s dive right in.

Why Ruby for test automation?

When it comes to automation testing, one can choose any of the top programming languages. Each language has advantages and limitations, depending on the project you’re working on and which one is the best fit.

However, the simple answer is that Ruby is easy to learn and use. It has great support libraries for testing frameworks, databases, and other utilities, making it easy to build a full project quickly and efficiently. And it has a great community that is helpful and friendly with their advice and knowledge.

Ruby’s syntax is easy to read, which makes it easier to understand what you’re doing when you need to troubleshoot or fix issues in your code. It also makes it simpler to explain the function of your code outside of the code itself because you can simply state, “this code does this,” and continue with the explanation without describing how specific methods operate internally.

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Advantages of Ruby

For its users, Ruby has several benefits. However, here we go over Ruby’s primary advantages:

Secure
Numerous plugins
Time-efficient
Packed with third-party libraries
Easy to learn
Business logic operations
Open-Source

However, Ruby comes with a few limitations or restrictions as well, which are listed below:

Although having a solid community, it does not have the same level of popularity as other languages like Java, C#.
Longer processing time.
Difficult to debug a script, i.e., have a flaw that causes errors during runtime, which can be pretty frustrating for development teams.
It’s challenging to adapt as it has fewer customizable features.

Now, let’s dive into some of the best Ruby testing frameworks for 2023.

21 Best Ruby Testing Frameworks for 2023

There are a variety of testing frameworks available for Ruby that make it easier to write, run, and manage tests. These frameworks range from simple testing libraries to complex, full-featured test suites. In this article, we’ll introduce 21 of the best Ruby testing frameworks for 2023.

1. RSpec

RSpec is one of the best Ruby testing frameworks and a successful testing solution for its code. With its core focus on empowering test-driven development, this framework features small libraries suitable for independent use with other frameworks. RSpec tests front-end behavior by testing individual components and application behavior using the Capybara gem.

This Ruby testing framework also carries out the testing of server-side behavior. When performing Selenium automation testing with the RSpec framework, you can group fixtures and allow tests to be organized in groups. The MIT license governs its use as well as redistribution.

2. Cucumber

Cucumber is a reliable automation tool and one of the best Ruby testing frameworks based on BDD. All stakeholders can easily understand its specifications since it’s all plain text. It integrates well with Selenium and facilitates hassle-free front-end testing. On the other hand, you can test API and other components with the help of databases and rest & soap clients using client libraries.

Creating fixtures couldn’t be easier! Making a fixtures directory and creating the fixture files are the only things left to do. You can also make the grouping of fixtures possible inside these directories while performing Selenium automation testing with the Cucumber framework.

3. Test::Unit

Primarily used for unit testing, Test::Unit belongs to the xUnit family of Ruby unit testing frameworks. It makes fixture methods available via the ClassMethods module and offers support for group fixture methods.

Test::Unit is included in the standard library of Ruby and requires no third-party libraries. It supports only a subset of the features available in other major testing frameworks, such as JUnit and NUnit. However, it provides enough functionality to help programmers test their applications at a unit level.

Here’s a complete Manual testing tutorial covering all aspects of Manual testing, including strategies and best practices.

4. Capybara

Capybara is an automation testing framework written in Ruby. It can easily simulate scenarios for different user stories and automate web testing. In other words, it mimics user actions such as parsing HTML, receiving pages, and submitting forms. It supports WebDrivers like RackTest, Selenium, and Capybara-WebKit.

It comes with Rack::Test support and facilitates test execution via a simple and clean interface. Its powerful and sophisticated synchronization features enable users to handle the asynchronous web easily. Capybara locates relevant elements in the Document Object Model, followed by the execution of actions such as links and button clicks. You can easily use Cucumber, Minitest, and RSpec with Capybara.

5. Minitest

Minitest boasts high readability and understandability compared to many other best Ruby testing frameworks. It offers an all-in-one suite of testing facilities such as benchmarking, mocking, BDD, and TDD. Even though it’s comparatively smaller, the speed of this unit testing framework is incredible.

If you are looking forward to asserting your algorithm performance repeatedly, Minitest is the way to go. Its assertion functions are in the xUnit/TDD style. It also offers support for test fixture functions as well as group fixtures. Users can easily test different components at the backend.

6. Spinach

Spinach is a high-level framework that supports behavior-driven development and uses the Gherkin language. It helps define an application’s executable specification or the acceptance criteria of libraries. It makes testing server-side behavior easier, but the same is not true for the client side. The inbuilt generator method generates input data before running tests for each. However, it doesn’t define specific data states for a group of tests. In other words, Spinach doesn’t support fixtures and group fixtures.

In this tutorial on Agile testing, let’s deep dive into the history of Agile testing, its advantages, disadvantages, methods, quadrants, and best practices.

7. Shoulda

Shoulda comprises two components, Shoulda Context and Matchers. The former facilitates enhanced test naming and grouping, whereas Shoulda Matches offer methods to write assertions that are far more concise. The framework allows the organization of tests into groups. Shoulda Matches holds compatibility with Minitest and RSpec. Shoulda Context holds the same relationship with the test unit and Minitest.

8. Spork

Spork is one of the best Ruby testing frameworks that forks a server copy every time testers run tests. As a result, it ensures a clean state of testing. The most significant benefit is that the runs don’t corrupt as time passes and are more solid. Thanks to the proper handling of modules, it can also efficiently work with any other Ruby framework of your choice.

Some testing frameworks it supports include RSpec, Cucumber, and Test::Unit. You don’t need an application framework for Spork to work. At the initial level, you might not notice the automatic loading of some files since they load during the startup. Sometimes, changes and projects can call for a restart.

9. Aruba

Aruba is a Ruby testing framework that allows testing of command line applications with Minitest, RSpec, or Cucumber–Ruby. Detailed documentation is available to help users get started with the framework.

Although Aruba doesn’t fully support Windows, it has proven successful on macOS and Linux in CI. Only RSpec tests can run flawlessly on Windows. It supports versions 4 and above until 8. The supported Ruby versions include CRuby 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.0, and 3.1 and JRuby 9.2.

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10. Phony

Every phone number on the planet will eventually be able to be split, formatted, or normalized with Phony. In other words, this gem is responsible for normalizing, formatting, and splitting E164 numbers, including a country code. It only works within international numbers like 61 412 345 678.

The framework has been widely used in Zendesk, Socialcam, and Airbnb. It makes use of approximately 1 MB for each Ruby process. Normalization is responsible for removing a number’s non-numeric characters. On the other hand, the format is responsible for formatting a normalized number depending on the predominant formatting of a country.

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11. Bacon

Bacon is a feature-rich small clone of RSpec that has a weight of 350 LoC. It offers support for Knock, Autotest, and TAP. The first public release came out on January 7th, 2008, followed by a second one on July 6th. The third public release was on November 3rd, 2008, and the fourth came out on December 21st, 2012.

Before your context’s first specification, you must define before and after. It’s easy to define shared contexts, but you can’t execute them. However, you can use them with recurring specifications and include them with other contexts, such as behaves_like.

12. RR

Originally developed by Brian Takita, RR is one of the leading test double Ruby testing frameworks offering a comprehensive choice of double techniques and terse syntax. If you already use the test framework, RR will hook itself onto your existing framework once you have loaded it.

Available through the MIT license, this framework works with Ruby 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.0, and JRuby 1.7.4. The frameworks it supports include Test::Unit through test-unit-rr, Minitest 4 and 5, and RSpec 2. When using RR, you can run multiple test suites via rake tasks.

13. Howitzer

Howitzer is a Ruby-based acceptance testing framework focused solely on web applications. The core aim of this framework is to fasten the pace of test development and offer the necessary assistance to users.

It provides support for the following:

Operating Systems:

macOS
Linux
Windows

Real Browsers:

Internet Explorer
Firefox
Google Chrome
Safari
Edge

Mail Services:

Gmail
Mailgun
Mailtrap

CI Tools:

Jenkins
Teamcity
Bamboo
CircleCI
Travis,
Github Actions

The most significant benefits of using this framework include quick installation, the fast configuration of test infrastructure, intuitiveness, and the choice of the BDD.

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14. Pundit Matchers

If you want to test Pundit authorization policies, the RSpec Matchers set is the way to go. Available under the MIT license, Pundit Matchers offers an easy setup and a hassle-free configuration.

Installation of Pundit gems and RSpec–rails are the primary requirements to use the framework. For the test strategy, this framework makes assumptions regarding your policy spec file structure after declaring a subject. You can also test multiple actions at once.

15. Emoji-RSpec

Emoji RSpec is a framework better known as custom emoji formatters. These formatters are meant for use along with the test output. Emoji-RSpec 1.x offers complete support for 2.0 and backward aid for versions 1.9.2 and 3.0.x, which calls for users to maintain support for 1.8.7. It allows pull requests but prevents the addition of new formats.

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16. Cutest

Cutest is a Ruby testing framework focused primarily on isolated tests. Testers run every test file in a way that facilitates avoiding the shared state. After finding a failure, it offers a detailed report of what went down and how you can pinpoint the error.

Using the scope command guarantees that there wouldn’t be any sharing of instance variables between tests. The prepare command facilitates the execution of blocks before every test. The setup command executes the setup block before every test and passes the outcome to the test block as a parameter.

17. RSpec Clone

RSpec Clone is a minimalistic Ruby testing framework that has all the necessary components for the same. Available under the MIT license, this framework helps lower code complexity and avoid false positives and negatives. Thanks to its alternative syntax, it helps in preventing interface overload.

With the RSpec clone, users have a structure to write code behavior executable instances. You can also write these examples in a method similar to plain English, including a DSL. Whatever your project settings, you can run rake spec for a project spec.

18. Riot

Riot is one of the best Ruby testing frameworks for unit testing that is contextual, expressive, and fast-paced. Since it doesn’t run teardown and set up sequences before every test and after its completion, the speed of test execution is higher.

In general, you should always avoid mutating objects. But when you are using Riot, that’s precisely what you must do. You can also call setup multiple times. It also doesn’t matter how many times you use this.

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19. Turnip

Turnip is a Ruby testing framework for integration and acceptance testing. It’s a Gherkin extension for RSpec that helps solve problems while using Cucumber to write specifications. In other words, it is an open-source gem that performs end to end testing of front-end functionality and components.

You can also use Turnip for testing server-side components and behavior. When you integrate with RSpec, this framework can access the RSpec-mocks gem. You can also declare example context and groups by directly integrating Turnip into the RSpec test suite.

20. TMF

TMF joins the list of the many minimalistic ruby test frameworks. It belongs in the unit testing category and is a small testing tool. All you need to do is copy the entire code to be done.

This framework just uses two methods for testing. They are:

Stub
Assert

The best part about TMF is that, even though it’s a minimal testing tool, testers can efficiently perform testing of various back-end components. It’s perfect for tests that don’t require a hefty feature set.

21. Rufo

Rufo is a Ruby formatter with the primary intention of being used through the command line for auto-formatting files on demand or saving. There is a single Ruby code format, and testers have to ensure the adherence of their code to it. It supports Ruby versions 2.4.5 and higher.

You can even use Rufo to develop your plugins. The default configuration of this framework preserves decisions. This enables team members to use their text editor of choice without the whole team having to switch to it. However, the framework offers support for limited configurations.

Executing Selenium Ruby automation testing on the cloud

You can execute Selenium Ruby automation testing on a cloud by using a cloud-based Selenium Grid, such as LambdaTest. This allows you to run your tests on various browser and operating system combinations without maintaining a large infrastructure.

LambdaTest is a cross browser testing platform that supports all best Ruby testing frameworks like RSpec, Capybara, Test::Unit, etc. It lets you perform Selenium Ruby automation testing across 3000+ real browsers and operating systems on an online Selenium Grid.

Here’s a glimpse of the LambdaTest cloud-based grid for Selenium automation testing.

Here are the steps:

Step 1: Sign up for free and Login to the LambdaTest platform.

Step 2: Click on the Automation tab present in the left navigation, which provides you with the following options:

Builds
Test Archive
Analytics

Choose the language or testing framework that’s present on the UI.

Step 3: You can choose any framework of your choice under Ruby and configure the test.

If you are a developer or tester looking to improve your Ruby skills, the Selenium Ruby 101 certification from LambdaTest may be a valuable resource.

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Summing It Up!

Ruby has transformed the web world and will continue to do so. But to fully use its potential, choosing the best Ruby testing framework appropriate for your requirements is vital. In this list, we have mentioned the 21 Best Ruby testing frameworks for 2023 by being as comprehensive as possible regarding functionality, productivity, and efficiency.

Now you have a wide array of outstanding Ruby frameworks at your disposal. Since we have already done extensive shortlisting for you, all you need to do is go for the one that meets your needs. If you think we missed something, sound off in the comments below.

14 Top Visual Layout Testing Tools

VeetheeDixit1 — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 11:57:23 +0000

Do you know?

As per the GoodFirms Web Design Survey, 73.1% of web designers feel that the non-responsive design is one of the top reasons visitors leave a website.

If you have been hoping for your web applications to reach different users at a global level, fool-proof visual UI testing will help you get there. If you ask users what’s the attention-grabbing trait of an application, the answer is going to be how the app looks. It’s no secret that the first inklings are all about visuals. If what they say is true about the first impression being the last impression, that’s one of the many reasons why businesses should focus more on visual layout testing.

Visual layout testing removes design loopholes and verifies the GUI functionality according to set specifications. It helps in evaluating controls such as text, formatting, dialogue boxes, font size, color layouts, boxes, icons, lists, buttons, and menus. Visual layout testing makes sure that the additional features or new functionalities don’t impact the overall working of the existing app.

The process uses screenshots for detecting visual changes in an app. It verifies the impact of deployment or development on the app design through image comparison algorithms. All in all, visual layout testing helps in identifying discrepancies we can see across different browsers and devices.

Of course, powerful automation testing tools allow you to perform automated UI testing and take the visuals of your user interface to the next level. On that note, we are going to take a look at 14 powerful tools for visual layout testing in detail (in no particular order). By the end of it, you can analyze your requirement and pick the best layout testing tool according to your visual testing needs.

With this Visual Testing Tutorial, you will learn how to perform Smart Visual UI Testing on the LambdaTest platform.

Do you know which are the most wanted automation testing tools that have climbed the top of the ladder so far?

What are Visual Layout Testing Tools?

Visual layout testing tools work on techniques such as visual diffs and pixel-by-pixel comparison. They help in detecting visual differences in applications and compare screenshots taken at different time frames. This helps in identifying UX or UI changes, including those of color scheme, layout, or font.

Application managers or owners, software developers, and QA teams use these testing tools to ensure that there are no unexpected changes in the designs.

Visual testing and functional testing usually go hand in hand. Make sure that you check the intricacies of the following when you perform visual layout testing:

Position and size of GUI elements
Screen validations
Image alignment
Text alignment
Inks and navigations
Data integrity
Usability conditions
Error messages
Shortcuts
Progress bars
Inconsistencies in abbreviations

The most common approaches are manual testing, record & replay, and model-based testing according to system behavior. The ideal way to conduct visual testing is to use an attacked full amalgamation of these three approaches as and when required.

Here are the 30 Top Tools for Automation Testing In 2022)

14 Powerful Visual Layout Testing Tools

There are endless visual layout testing tools out there. But, to help you avoid a never-ending conundrum of having to make an informed decision, we are shortlisting 14 super beneficial options for you. So, here is a list of the 14 most powerful visual layout testing tools that can help you make a final choice. Let’s take a look.

1. Selenium

Selenium, as a visual regression testing tool, has gained the reputation of being somewhat of an umbrella project in testing for all kinds of browsers and their versions. Most testers implement it as a Firefox extension that facilitates recording, editing, and debugging. This open-source visual layout testing tool supports web testing and simplifies GUI testing.

Selenium also supports scripting languages such as python, C#, and Java. Do you know what option is better than Selenium? Using a platform that offers end-to-end testing on a scalable, reliable, and cloud Selenium Grid! This brings us to our next tool…

2. LambdaTest

Imagine a scenario where your web app looks pristine on Chrome, whereas it appears unorderly on Firefox. It might induce your Firefox user to close the tab once and for all. To avoid this, choose LambdaTest, the ultimate visual layout testing tool.

If you are looking for a powerful tool to carry out smart visual regression testing on the cloud, LambdaTest is the way to go. For starters, this platform helps testers locate visual user interface regression bugs in just a single click using smart testing. You won’t have to worry about credibility since the world’s leading global enterprises like Microsoft, Xerox, Deloitte, etc., rely on LambdaTest for their testing needs. The pixel-by-pixel visual UI regression testing feature facilitates smart image-to-image comparison to identify visual deviations.

Here’s a short glimpse of LambdaTest’s Smart Visual UI Testing feature:

You can also Subscribe to the LambdaTest YouTube Channel and stay updated with the latest tutorials around automated browser testing, Selenium testing, CI/CD, and more.

LambdaTest provides you with an online device farm of 3000+ mobile and desktop devices to serve your cross browser testing needs. LambdaTest facilitates the seamless comparison of web page screenshots from different browsers to aid in detecting visual deviations. High browser coverage with quick test execution and faster release make LambdaTest a top choice for visual layout testing tools. The best part is that you can seamlessly integrate this tool with a complete CI/CD tech stack.

Some other notable features include

Real Time Testing — Perform live-interactive testing of your web apps and web pages across 3000+ browser versions, browsers, devices, and operating systems.
Mobile App Testing — Use LambdaTest’s online real device cloud and virtual testing platform of emulators and simulators to perform native app testing on Android and iOS devices.
Real Device Testing — Test your Android and iOS apps on a real device cloud.
Automation Testing — Run automation tests on a scalable automation testing cloud infrastructure.
*HyperExecute *—HyperExecute is a blazing fast next-gen automation testing cloud that is 70% faster than any cloud-based test execution grid.
Test at Scale — Accelerate your testing with faster feedback with Test at Scale.

3. Katalon Studio

Katalon Studio is one of the most versatile and powerful automation tools to simplify API, web UI, desktop, and mobile testing. It’s trusted by more than 850,000 businesses. Thanks to its support for Groovy and Java, Katalon Studio is an easy-to-use tool for coding novices. It adapts to changes in the UI, backed up by multiple locator strategies.

Katalon Studio handles the flakiness of object locators with its self-healing mechanism and facilitates faster feedback for Firefox and Chrome with its headless browser execution support. Users can easily lower the maintenance time with its page object model design pattern, data-driven testing, and self-healing mechanism. Katalon Studio also offers real-time notifications and insightful graphs to help create better reports.

4. Chromatic

Chromatic allows users to test web applications and websites across different desktop, mobile browsers, and operating systems under different combinations. Speaking of which, you can easily perform parallel testing in various browser combinations and operating systems and speed up your entire visual layout testing process multiple times. Testing occurs at the component level, making it easy to identify regressions.

Chromatic facilitates taking screenshots of tests for identifying and fixing bugs quicker. Sharing results with the development team is super easy. It offers 1–1 mapping with your stories, a hassle-free branching and merging, and automatic uploading of Storybooks.

5. Endtest

With screenshot visual layout testing and intelligent test automation in Endtest, you can easily build efficient end-to-end tests for your website or web application. This visual layout testing tool is perfect for enterprise-scale security as Endtest features a reliable and secure platform for testing.

Stating the obvious, it offers the provision of saving, capturing, and sharing web page screenshots and recordings. Seamless integrations with Jenkins, Slack, Bamboo, GitHub, BitBucket, and other popular tools add to its versatility.

6. Testsigma

Testsigma boasts simplicity, convenience, and a wide array of features. Thanks to its facility to write automated tests in English, you don’t have to be a code geek to use the tool. It consists of a single platform for both visual layout and functional testing.

Testsigma is built to enable users to build automated tests quickly. The platform features visual UI testing that helps automate test script creation and maintenance; reusable components; keyword-driven testing; support for data-driven testing; parallel test suite execution across multiple browsers, operating systems, devices, and more.

7. eggPlant

EggPlant is one of the leading commercial Graphic User Interface test automation tools out there. The brainchild of TestPlant, this platform is one of the most preferred options for the complete testing process, but it emphasizes GUI testing. Thanks to the versatility of this layout testing tool, you can test any operating system, device, and technology.

The creation of tests is super quick with its eggDrive interface. You can further enhance the QA process by integrating it with IBM Rational Quality Manager Jenkins and Micro Focus Quality Center.

8. Ranorex Studio

Ranorex Studio has a user base of more than 4000 companies at a global level for desktop, mobile, and web application testing. It’s perfect for beginners looking for a codeless interface. At the same time, it also boasts a sophisticated set of features for automation experts.

Some of its supported technology includes reliable object identification, reusable code modules, shareable object repository, video reporting, customizable test reports, parallel testing, and so on. You can integrate this layout testing tool, Ranorex Studio, with tools such as Jenkins, JIRA, Git, TestRail Travis CI, and so on.

9. SilkTest

SilkTest is one of the visual layout testing tools that automate regression testing along with functional testing. This commercial tool is ideal for creating portable and robust functional tests. Not only does it offer support for cross browser testing, mobile browser testing, and quicker test execution, but it also carries out test cases for the native, web, and other software apps.

The SilkTest tool is a visual testing tool that allows you to record tests by simply clicking on the screen of your running application. The SilkTest tool then automatically generates code for the test in 4Test — the powerful scripting language created especially for writing tests with SilkTest.

10. IE Tab

IE Tab, a pret-a-porter layout testing tool, acts as a common gateway for Internet Explorer (IE) users running legacy web apps such as JAVA, Silverlight, and Sharepoint inside Chrome. An Auto URL filter allows you to provide default filters for all the URLs you wish to open in IE Tab.

Bypass the fear of running previous IE versions since this secure visual layout tool provides a lock-down feature for only sites in need of Internet Explorer within Chrome.

11. Ghost Inspector

As a codeless visual layout testing tool, this platform acts as a bridge connecting both new QA testers and experienced test engineers to achieve high standards in quality assurance. There is no need to walk the tightrope since this simple and seamless testing tool can act as a time guard when writing Selenium tests.

Get a grip over testing sophisticated JavaScript edge cases and integrate with CI pipelines with Ghost Inspector.

12. Kobiton

Kobiton is one of the favorite visual layout testing tools for mobile testing teams. It offers a comprehensive visual UX testing and visual validation solution. Built keeping in mind the optimization of mobile UX and UI, this tool helps in locating visual bugs by catching both functional as well as visual issues that may go unnoticed.

It offers access to 350 + real devices supported by a local lab or a private cloud. Some of its features include JIRA integration, scriptless test automation, scriptless Appium exports, text and visual assertions, advanced analytics, and reporting. At this platform lies an intelligent AI that goes beyond pixel-by-pixel comparisons. All in all, it’s a comprehensive and user-friendly platform for development teams and mobile testers.

13. TestComplete

If you are looking for a GUI automation testing tool that easily integrates with the ecosystem of your software development life cycle and facilitates testing of every web, desktop, and mobile application, TestComplete can turn out to be a game-changer. It maintains the application quality with a high level of efficiency and scalability.

The three features of TestComplete include record and playback, code and codeless test creation, AI and Machine Learning, superior object recognition, parallel testing, and easy integration with CI/CD tools. Thanks to its version control, issue tracking, and test management, you can experience a complete software testing life cycle.

14. Applitools Eyes

Applitools Eyes is a powerful image and layout comparison tool that validates the look and feel across multiple browsers, platforms, and devices in a fully automated way.

While traditional cross-browser testing tools compare pages pixel by pixel, Applitools Eyes uses AI to identify what matters visually on the page to ensure your application looks correct and functions properly. Therefore, you don’t need to write complicated code to validate what matters visually. Just use Applitools Eyes. You can also try this Applitools alternative otherwise.

With this Screenshot Testing Tutorial, you will learn how to perform Automated Screenshot Testing on the LambdaTest platform.

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Summing It Up

Here is the red pill: 13% of customers will talk about the poor user experience during those water cooler chats. Now, here is the blue pill: 72% will inform more than 6 people about how flawless their experience was with your website or software.

Your software can make or break your company. Visual layout testing is the heart and soul of every successful application release. The correct tool helps reduce manual intervention, simultaneously detecting loopholes and improving the application quality.

Visual testing is no longer limited to desktops alone. With the sharp surge in the use of tablets and smartphones expanding its jaws to mobile devices, it’s vital to offer a flawless interface to mobile users too. Well, whether it’s desktop or mobile, testing can be a real challenge if you are not using the right tool.

If you have a time crunch, a powerful layout testing tool can offer more accuracy and save plenty of time and resources. Depending on your budget, requirements, the end goal, and other factors, you can take your pick from the above-mentioned top 12 powerful tools for visual testing.

How To Choose The Right Mobile App Testing Tools

VeetheeDixit1 — Thu, 22 Sep 2022 08:43:43 +0000

Did you know that according to Statista, the number of smartphone users will reach 18.22 billion by 2025? Let’s face it, digital transformation is skyrocketing and will continue to do so. This swamps the mobile app development market with various options and gives rise to the need for the best mobile app testing tools.

To captivate an ever-growing consumer base, more and more businesses are investing in improving mobile apps. The competition in the market is cutthroat which is why an app needs to be perfect before it rolls out to the audience. That brings in the real need for an app test automation cloud.

Nowadays, users can make their lives easier in almost every aspect with a related mobile app for that purpose. However, does that mean they get a smooth and glitch-free experience? Most of the time, it’s a slappy UX, an unsatisfactory UI, or a lack of clarity that can drive users away. Hence there arises a need for UI testing.

Every mobile application must perform as per expectation. That makes mobile application testing more challenging. There are many devices, platforms, operating systems, and other parameters to take care of. You need one heck of a versatile testing tool just to break even. But isn’t the market already flooded? How are we supposed to choose? Fortunately, we have listed the important criteria that will tell you exactly how to choose the right mobile app testing tools. Let’s dive right in.

In this mobile app testing tutorial, let’s take a look at what is mobile application testing, why it’s important, and how to choose the right one for your business.

What is Mobile Application Testing?

Mobile application testing is the process of testing mobile apps for parameters such as functionality, performance, stability, and usability either manually or by using automation. Mobile app testing happens both manually and with the help of mobile automation testing frameworks and tools. The entire process, if performed correctly, helps QA teams ensure that the end product fulfills initial expectations and the set business requirements.

The best mobile app testing tools include the following processes:

Testing the performance of a mobile app across various operating systems and its versions.
Validating the performance and compatibility of an app with specific settings.
Testing how a mobile app appears in both landscape and portrait mode.
Conducting GUI tests for testing navigation buttons, dropdown, menu, and other components of its GUI for functionality.
Testing an application’s compatibility with Accelerometer, Gyroscope, GPS, and other sensors.

Mobile app testing types abound. It’s performed to test different features and functionalities of the app. Types of mobile app testing include:

Functional testing
Performance testing
Laboratory testing
Memory leakage testing
Interrupt testing
Installation testing
Usability testing
Security testing
Certification testing
Outdated software testing
Location testing
E2E testing
Load testing
Crowdsourced testing

It’s crucial to debug websites for Safari before pushing them live. Check out this article, we look at how to debug websites using dev tools in safari.

Why is Mobile App Testing Important?

Only a thorough mobile application testing process can ensure smooth functioning throughout the user’s journey. It also enhances security and the overall quality of a mobile application, thus, affecting overall engagement.

It helps in the early detection of errors and bugs that prevents extra costs from adding up later. Mobile application testing also helps in minimizing the risk that comes with releasing a compromised app. When you release only top-notch apps, it protects and improves a business’s brand reputation by increasing app installations and positive reviews.

Here are the key benefits of using a mobile app testing tool:

Up-To-The-Mark Functioning

During mobile app testing, QA professionals thoroughly check the seamless downloading of an application and whether it carries out interactions as expected. In other words, the best mobile app testing tools ensure the hassle-free functioning of the solution.

Customer Retention and Loyalty

When customers get proper usability and functioning, they are more likely to return to the app and stay loyal. This improves the industrial reputation of a business and increases its customer retention rate. Of course, increased customer loyalty automatically means higher ROI. Mobile app testing tools might involve some initial investment. But the fact that they help avoid frequent redevelopments in a project also saves expenses.

Better UI/UX Usability

During mobile application testing, QA professionals evaluate the entire solution from the users’ point of view. In a sense, they thoroughly use every feature and functionality of the app to understand how it fares in different situations. When they feel user emotions while using the application, it becomes easier to predict whether customers are likely to continue using the application or ditch it.

A test orchestration platform can come in handy to your team if you want to choose the best mobile app testing tools.

Why should you use the best Mobile App Testing Tools?

The best mobile app testing tools facilitate properly implementing the mobile app testing strategy. They also help reduce costs for the long hall by increasing the pace of execution, offering easy sharing of test results, and performing automation testing. Check out why you should use the best mobile app testing tools.

Easy To Perform Cross Platform Tests

Testing using conventional methods can take a lot of time due to the wide variety of operating systems and devices. But mobile application testing tools can test for plenty of scenarios within a short time frame. Cloud testing solutions eliminate the hassle of purchasing many devices to test an app.

Less Testing Time

Mobile app testing tools facilitate automatic testing of applications at different development stages. This allows QA professionals to devote more time to improving the app’s user experience since they get a chance to simplify their QA processes.

Better Ticket Generation

The best mobile app testing tools facilitate creating a structured layout of app interface bugs. This way, you can instigate an early launch by quickly correcting errors.

Perform manual or automated cross browser test on 3000+ browsers online. Deploy and scale faster with the most powerful cross browser testing tool online.

How to choose the right Mobile App Testing Tools?

The first step toward flawless mobile app testing is to select the right tool. Once you finish that, it’s time to set up the testing environment. The solution you consider should be highly reliable and offer various options, including support for different programming languages and great customer support. Here are the exact criteria you should look for before choosing the best mobile app testing tools.

Ease of Learning and Use

There’s no point in having even the best mobile testing tools if they are not easy to learn or use. Since many team leaders and members will work with the chosen tool, the learning curve should not be steep. Language-specific libraries and drivers, as well as JAR files, helps make the best mobile app testing tools easy to use.

Support for Various Programming Languages

Depending on the target audience, business needs, and budget, you can develop mobile applications in the programming language of your choice. But it’s always better to opt for a tool that facilitates writing effective test cases in different languages. Some of the most popular ones include JavaScript, Python, HTML, CSS, etc.

Support for Cross-Platform Testing

Usually, there is a platform for which businesses intend a mobile application. You should always select the best mobile app testing tools based on compatibility with that platform, its different versions, and variants. However, an even better thing would be to opt for the best mobile app testing tools that facilitate multiple platforms to ensure cross-platform testing.

Support for Different Application Types and Operating Systems

Web, native, and hybrid are the three primary apps your testing tool should support. There are plenty of cases in which businesses made various kinds of apps. If you opt for a tool that doesn’t offer support for different application types, then you’ll have to use multiple tools for testing on various applications. That would further waste precious time when resources you could utilize elsewhere.

Moreover, there are high chances that your app might have to undergo platform migration someday. That’s why it’s advisable to choose the best mobile app testing tools that work for all commonly used operating systems like iOS and Android.

Integrations With Other Tools and Frameworks

Regardless of how inclusive the best mobile app testing tools are, they must be eligible for use with other commonly used frameworks and tools. After all, your QA team doesn’t deserve to spend time downloading and installing many third-party resources. Integrations with project management tools and ALMs are furthermore crucial.

Your chosen tool should have as many native integrations as possible, so connecting more workarounds to your toolchain won’t be necessary. When a testing tool integrates with the leading CI/CD tools, it helps achieve goals such as inspecting, recording defects, test execution, test management, and revision control. Some popular frameworks the best mobile app testing tools should integrate are Bamboo, Jenkins, GitLab, JIRA, and so on.

Support for Codeless Tests and Different Types of Testing

Support for codeless testing is a boon for those team members who don’t have any programming skills but are competent enough to contribute to the QA team. Not only does codeless testing help these professionals use their potential, but this feature also reduces the time to execute repetitive test cases. It can be one of the best mobile app testing tools. Your tool should also facilitate different techniques, such as accessibility testing.

Fulfillment of Code Requirements and Build Needs

The modern application development and testing scenarios are highly collaborative. This often leads to unauthorized access to the testing process of an application. The best mobile app testing tools often access the most vulnerable company and consumer data. Your chosen tool should boast high credibility and ever-evolving data security with on-time upgrades to protect against malware, viruses, and attacks.

Regarding security and privacy, the build and code of the software are primary matters of concern. QA teams should be careful not to export or share these outside the testing environment. In other words, the build and code shouldn’t be visible to any unauthorized or unknown entities. That is why you should choose the best mobile app testing tools that hold the security and privacy of the build and source code of the software in high regard.

Moreover, sometimes, security limitations and contractual agreements prohibit testers from accessing the software source code. Therefore, the best mobile app testing tools should also automate and test mobile apps without it.

Support for Record and Playback

The best mobile app testing tools offer features such as record & playback. This helps keep track of all actions related to different test scenarios and alternate every aspect of it. Eventually, the testing team can churn out a higher number of tests, further expanding the test coverage.

Some features you should also consider include login and reporting of defects, filtering, considering the type, time, and priority monitoring and tracking bugs. This feature available in the best mobile app testing tools works best during the generation of quick test scripts according to the respective scenarios.

Comprehensive Error Identification, Reporting, and Debugging

Whenever a failure occurs, your mobile app testing tool should create comprehensive reports pointing to the exact moment it failed. It should also provide data regarding the test conditions and test environment during failure to help developers rectify errors. It should also include screenshots of test steps and export reports in various formats to view on multiple devices.

Support for Continuous Testing

Changes or modifications in the code can significantly impact the overall software. Mobile app testing should be able to test these changes readily. In other words, offering support for continuous testing is an integral part of an ideal framework. The testing world is speed-driven, and continuous testing is the only thing that can help QA teams maintain high quality and speed while meeting customer demands.
Great Object Identification and Recognition

Another factor affecting the impact of mobile app updates and modifications is object identification. Opting for the best mobile app testing tools with great object identification and recognition helps simplify test script maintenance. It also helps in the easy regulation of object libraries.

Access Real Mobile Devices

Your app can be a native or hybrid, but how you test it matters the most. Testing your app on a real device cloud and monitoring its functioning is important to analyze real user conditions. It’s vital to release your app into production. When you use emulators and simulators, you cannot entirely replicate real-time conditions, be it incoming calls or battery strength. Hence tests dependent on them might not be suitable for the final release.

It’s possible to create a homegrown online device farm using the available devices in the market with different OS and versions. Buying and maintaining them isn’t easy since you need time, effort, and investment. Therefore, a viable option is to choose real device cloud platforms like LambdaTest.

With LambaTest real device cloud, you can test your dev and production apps and unblock your team by getting instant access to real Android and iOS devices, and reduce operational costs by eliminating the in-house device lab. You can even test your applications on the LambdaTest virtual testing platform of online APK emulators and iOS simulators.

You can easily run mobile automation testing and manual app testing on every latest mobile version. In addition, you can perform responsive testing on real devices to check how the app would render on different screen resolutions and sizes.

It also supports testing of mobile apps via Appium, Espresso, and XCUITest on the real device cloud.

Subscribe to our LambdaTest YouTube Channel for better thoughts and ideas on Android app testing, iOS automation testing, native mobile testing, and so on.

Ensure Secured features

The best mobile app testing tools should be user-centric, with attention to detail over the build security and customer data. When you think about how collaborative mobile app development and app testing can be, you cannot realize how many chances build distribution provides to let unauthorized individuals access the app during vulnerable stages.

The same applies to every company data or personal data. Hence you need to ensure data security at every point. Upgrading their system against malware, viruses, and so on is a must.

LambdaTest security comes with SOC2 Type 2 compliance for its test platform and data centers. We also adhere strictly to GDPR compliance.

Learn what Selenium is and its benefits for automated cross browser testing. See how Selenium works and get ready to use it for testing. Read more.

Conclusion

The best way to increase the retention rate of your mobile application is to test out as many aspects as possible and fix bugs immediately. That’s exactly why businesses need to choose the best mobile app testing tools to be on par with increasing customer demands.

Picking the best mobile app testing tools can be a bewildering moment. But if you know the parameters to consider before making an informed decision, you can make the most out of your mobile app testing efforts.

Even though the pointers mentioned above don’t consider the end to parameters, you can use them as a solid base for further research. This helps build quality applications that enhance brand reputation while offering better service to users.

17 Excuses Every Website Tester Should Get Rid Of Immediately

VeetheeDixit1 — Mon, 04 Apr 2022 11:04:33 +0000

Let’s face it. No matter how perfect we try to make a website, we are bound to make some mistakes. Errors are unavoidable, no matter how minor they are. Which is why we fail to guarantee a bug-free release, even after conducting thorough rounds of testing of different types, such as stress testing, cross browser testing, responsive testing, end to end testing etc. Considering various types of testing involved in the process before making the website live in the production environment. It is okay to commit a mistake or two, long as you know where you went wrong. And that is the tricky part!

I’ve been a part of the IT sector for quite some time, not to mention a web tester myself. Many times, when things went south after a recent release to our website or our web-application rather, then as testers, I and my team used to get a word from the management. And why shouldn’t we? I don’t wanna sound too dramatic, but as testers, we are the last line of defense against any bug that may turn up on the website. But when a bug goes unnoticed and comes back to us as an outage, then we panic, we end up making excuses, and pointing fingers. As a result, the entire situation becomes a lot messier than it should have been, only because sometimes we were too adamant to accept our fault.

Today, I’m going to highlight the major excuses that I made as a tester, and I wish I didn’t! So you don’t end up sounding as careless as I did. Here is a list of excuses that website testers need to forget.

1. I Thought If It Is Working Fine On Chrome Then It Would Work Well On Other Browsers Too!

So you tested a website, encountered some bugs, and forwarded them to the development team. They fixed it and forwarded it back to you or your testing team for a sign-off. You carefully perform regression testing of the entire website to check whether the changes have affected any existing features. And everything turned out well, you gave the sign-off as you found nothing wrong while testing the website from your system, rather your browser. Once the changes went live into production then customers using a browser different than you started to complain about the UI & cross browser compatibility issues. Now what? How would you explain the situation to your manager?

If you are one of those testers who says that if a product works fine in one browser or a platform, it will work well with others too, it’s time for some introspection.

If the software works fine on Google Chrome or any other browser, some testers give the green signal. But remember, just like humans have a different interpretation of everything, same goes with browsers. If a code is compatible with one browser, it’s not necessary that all browsers interpret code in the same way. Testers need to make sure that their website provides a consistent experience and behavior across all browsers, you can’t afford to neglect cross browser testing & with such a wide array of browsers, it may look like a strenuous activity, to begin with. I mean setting up a different testing environment for hundreds of browser versions running on different operating systems could be a lot to do! Fortunately, you can turn your heads to cloud-based cross browser testing service providers such as LambdaTest.

2. Why Should I Perform Responsive Testing, I already covered Cross Browser Testing?

Similarly to browsers, your website or web-application will render differently across different devices due to different screen resolutions, and view-port. The process of testing your website across different mobile, desktop, tablet devices are called responsive testing. It is not the same as cross browser testing. We have written a great article around the difference between Cross browser testing & responsive testing, make sure to read it.

As a website tester, you must ensure that the customers are able to view and use the product clearly, irrespective of the device they are using. With a massive combination of devices, screen sizes, and resolutions nowadays, it is essential for a firm to establish a wide range of supportable configurations. The problem comes up with the execution of responsive testing. You can’t buy different devices to test your website on it. Not to mention, maintenance would be troublesome too. You can opt for simulation or emulation but setting up may take up a lot of your time. Well, how can you perform responsive testing then?

3. My Job Is To Focus On Merely Predefined Test Case Scenarios

One of the most common excuses testers give is that their job is to merely follow pre-defined test cases that were assigned to them. However, the tester has to go way beyond focusing on predefined test case scenarios. If executing predefined test cases was the only concern for any organization then they would be better off with automation testing. Automation testing & manual should work hand in hand. So predefined test cases end up being automated & testers would get more time to come up with better test scenarios. If you are a website tester then thinking out of the box comes as a part of your job. You have to analyze the risks of the development plan of the present project & emphasize on exploratory testing. The more you test in the wild, the more it would help your web-applications stability.

4. Deploying a Build and Debugging An Issue Is Not My Job

So you have given a sign-off for the entire release. Now, all you are going to have to do is wait until your DevOps make a move to production. But do you really have to wait? If you are thinking that deploying a build is the developer’s headache, think again! Ask yourself, do you have the power to utilize available resources for a fruitful action? If yes, why depend on developers every time? All you need to do is trigger a build and deploy appropriate measures, there is no reason to wait. After all, you have the authority and ability to make your work easier. Why can’t you do it yourself?

Let me tell you something about my personal experience. Deployment is one of the scenarios in which an employee faces the highest number of failures. But do you know the biggest perk of such failures? They prompt you to debug again and learn something new. If something encourages you to ask a question or hit Google search, it’s always for your best. Even though debugging might not be in your job description, challenging your senses before you pass on a bug to the developer is a must.

5. I Didn’t Have Sufficient Time To Test

Not having sufficient time is the world’s most common excuse for almost anything! The moment someone is not able to accomplish something, here they are, blaming the clock for their own failure. Testers, let’s face it. There are so many factors to test that you are never going to have enough time to do it all.

Everyone has deadlines to meet. The organization understands that you can’t conquer the world within a few hours. But that doesn’t mean you end up being a failure on time management with an excuse for missing out on important stuff. It’s vital to practice effective time management and prioritize the testing procedure.

6. I Did Not Test On IE As It Has Become Obsolete

It is true, that IE has become obsolete. Microsoft discontinued IE in 2015, meaning there hasn’t been any update ever since. What’s more? Early this year, Microsoft Chief Security Chris Jackson stated,

“Internet Explorer is a compatibility solution. We’re not supporting new web standards for it and, while many sites work fine, developers by and large just aren’t testing for Internet Explorer these days. They’re testing on modern browsers. So, if we continued our previous approach, you would end up in a scenario where, by optimizing for the things you have, you end up not being able to use new apps as they come out. As new apps are coming out with greater frequency, what we want to help you do is avoid having to miss out on a progressively larger portion of the web!”

Chris said so in Microsoft’s blog post, as he requested users to stop using IE for multiple reasons. IE is near a deathbed, but that doesn’t mean you would entirely kick it out of your testing list. As of June 2019, IE still consists of 2.29% of the entire browser market share and that can turn out to be an impactful number when we are looking for potential leads.

7. I Didn’t Realize How Important It Was To Understand The Scope And Requirements Of The Project

Imagine the rush you get when you see a well-structured procedure and can’t wait to report these nasty bugs! After all, you are only responsible for finding errors before the customers and save them from nuisance. Understanding the scope and requirements would be a hassle for you, right? Well, not exactly.

I can’t oversell the importance of knowing what you are doing. Before you begin testing, it is imperative that you read the specifications carefully. You can even request for a quick knowledge transition session from the product manager or the developers to help you understand the functionality better. Once you are thorough with fundamentals, begin testing.

8. I Forgot To Ask That Question?

Ah, the question of ego! I never really understood why some people are unable to accept that no one is a know-it-all. Collaboration is a key element for any successful team. You might think that having all the right answers will make you wise. But underestimating the importance of asking questions will make you remain ignorant all along. And you will end up at a point, where the higher-ups would be questioning you about a recent production disaster for which you were to blame. At that moment, you may regret not asking questions at the right time.

No matter how experienced or inexperienced you are, you need to ask questions in case you fail to understand a requirement or if you have some doubts towards it. Building on what I said in the previous point, communication is the key to the successful running of any organization. The product owner needs to communicate the exact requirement. Otherwise, how can he expect the rest of the team to make his or her dream come true? Test managers, product owners, and developers deal with their own set of problems. But as a tester, you need to be aware of those issues. It’s possible only with effective communication.

9. I Tested The Feature A Couple Days Back So I Thought I May Not Need To Test It Again!

If you think your job is done after reporting bugs, you’re wrong. You might say that you have performed detailed testing and conveyed what’s wrong to the developer. But as a tester, you have to realize that reporting a bug sometimes leads to changes in the code. Sometimes, the change can impact the functioning of previous functionalities.

Regression testing is the most fundamental aspect of any SDLC. Irrespective of how long it takes, or how repetitive, its importance remains constant. It is tough being a tester, I understand the overnight immediate hotfixes, narrow release windows takes it toll. Sometimes, we slack off on regression testing and end up being banged by an outage at the manager’s desk.

Thus, it is important to check whether the product works fine after the modifications. You have to be ready for performing frequent checks and ensuring that there is no regression defects remaining, so your website looks absolutely flawless before it reaches the end-user.

10. I Don’t Think It Is Possible To Test This Feature

This is one of the most ridiculous excuses I have come across so far. And surprisingly, there are many testers who use this to escape testing a feature they don’t understand. And I wonder how they muster the courage to come up with such a statement. I mean think about it, every feature put into your testing environment has already been tested by the Dev team. If the developer knows that a particular feature is working, and is able to test it across the sandbox environment then there has to be a way to test it!

Chances are, you might not have access to the system used in some features. In this case, you need to collaborate with the developer and ask them to show you how the feature works, and how they tested it? Then, try different test cases and expose the bugs.

11. The Developers Came Up With An Infeasible Code

Blaming others is the easiest way to escape an unpleasant situation? Some testers in the software industry have a tendency to pile on the developer with all the nasty blames. After all, no one would blame the tester if the fault lies in the developer’s work! Sometimes it works your way and sometimes it doesn’t. When you put with accusations on developers for something wrong on your behalf then there is a good chance of it lashing back at you. Make sure you don’t end up being cornered by your own accusations. Know where to accept your mistakes, and be thorough before putting the blame on others.

12. I Was Told By The Dev Team That This Is How It Is Supposed To Work

Okay! So you hang up on a sign-off and a developer from your project may come up to your desk in order to explain that the functionality is just fine. It is human nature, we find difficult to accept flaws in things we made by us. No offense, but this is very relevant to developers. Their job is to deliver functionality to a customer, your job as a tester is to ensure that it works well and conveniently. If something works fine but is a hassle for user journey of your website then you are supposed to raise an alarm for that.

I spoke earlier about the importance of understanding the requirements for testers. This is exactly one of those situations where knowing about what customers expect from the product can come in handy. Instead of testing on the basis of what the developer tells you, verify what the product owner wanted to build in the first place. You are the last stage of the defense mechanism a customer has. Make sure you make the most out of your power!

13. We’re Just a Startup, There Is Hardly Much To Test!

Umm, so? What makes you think that working for a startup gives you permission to exercise laxity in your approach? At this point, I realize that I might sound a little harsh. But some testers who are a part of a startup have a tendency to NOT to aim for perfection.

Do you realize that startups are the ones making the very first impression? If the customers find a bug-filled interface and poor functionality, they might totally boycott the use of the company’s products. It will do you and the enterprise more harm than good.

14. All Hail Beta Testing! Even If I Miss Out On Any Bug Then A User Feedback Should Cover It

Even though beta testing is meant for users to report the bugs, it doesn’t mean that testers can relax and leave all the responsibility on the end-user. Testers and companies both need to set the record straight on this one. I can’t stress this enough.

Beta is not a substitute for professional testing. No users are aware of how they can report bugs. Most of them are likely to encounter problems and leave the interface. It is going to be devastating for your brand image & I hope you realize that the competitors are just a few clicks away!

15. I Never Thought We’re Going To Be A Target For Hackers

There is a reason why great men have said never to underestimate oneself. Same goes for testers who think that their organization is not as big of a deal to attract the attention of testers. I hope you realize that by having such a thought process, you are making your product and the company even more vulnerable to hackers!

Hacker’s motives change every second. Chances are, you might skip security testing just because you don’t realize the true potential of your product. Thus, testing the security of software is a must.

16. Users Don’t Understand How To Use The Application!

So, now the blame game has shifted from developers to users! I see what you did thereby taking advantage of the fact that not all users are tech geeks. But don’t you think that’s the job of the company to make sure that their product is easy to use?

Never forget usability testing under any circumstances. All the efforts of an enterprise come down to whether the users can avail the facility. During usability testing, test from the point of view of a person with little to no technical know-how.

17. It Was Working Fine On Stage Environment!

That is one excuse that only looks logical to a tester and nobody else. Web applications that seem to be working fine on staging don’t necessarily work flawlessly in production. There could be multiple reasons behind it, live traffic that website is exposed to n production is often not made available when testing on stage. Sometimes, stage is not as identical to production as you take it to be, there are some code branches that are available in one production but missing on another.

As a tester, you are supposed to understand the production environment thoroughly before you provide a sign-off from stage environments.

Summing It Up

To enable the smooth running of a system, it is essential to identify and fix mistakes right away. Therefore, testers play a major role in the Software Development Life Cycle. For a business to prosper, it is a must to deliver impeccable service and flawless products to customers. To ensure that, testers need to test a product and analyze it from the end user’s point of view.

After identifying bugs, they need to convey relevant information to the development team. They then work on eliminating shortcomings and deploying various corrective measures. However, testers need to realize that they need to get rid of the habit of making excuses. This will help them prosper in their career as well as result in the upliftment of a company. Analyzing and testing accordingly results in an overall better product and a great customer experience.

I hope you are wise to not make any of the excuses I stated above. Even if you do state them, it is only natural, I have come up with such excuses myself. However, what matters is that we realize how better we are without them. Cheers!

Top 7 Challenges Of Cross Browser Testing With Solutions

VeetheeDixit1 — Wed, 30 Mar 2022 15:14:39 +0000

With the rapid advancements in technology and digitization, businesses strive to get the best out of it and ensure their web app runs smoothly on all browsers and platforms. In today’s scenario, businesses rely on Internet presence to increase their ROI and expand their online reach. This is the reason why most web applications are designed to be compatible with multiple browsers. It is very crucial to any responsive web application as one has to ensure that the application is compatible with every browser and browser version at any given time. Nonetheless, cross browser testing is something that has been overlooked, as there are many challenges of cross browser testing that developers face while incorporating it into the QA workflow.

With the customer’s attention span getting shorter with time, they won’t hesitate to press the back button on their browser if a site seems faulty. So, what’s the solution? Make web apps and sites work flawlessly on every browser, device, and platform. It sounds like a simple and straightforward goal, right? If a business doesn’t wish to lose customers due to less than optimal user experience, cross browser compatibility and cross browser testing must be considered. Even though the goal sounds simple, there are many obstacles the entire QA team has to sort through to increase the responsiveness of sites and web applications. Now get started with your responsive test.

On that note, we will take a look at some cross browser testing challenges and browser compatibility issues with their solutions. But before that, let’s understand what cross browser testing is and why it is needed.

What is Cross Browser Testing, and Why is it Important?

In simple terms, cross browser testing is a process of ensuring that a web application’s functionality is uniform across different browsers, browser versions, and operating systems, thus providing a hassle-free user experience to its users. Cross browser testing involves a combination of browsers and operating systems to test the application’s responsiveness and compatibility. Though the concept of cross browser testing is straightforward, when to start cross browser testing can be tricky.

With the shift-left methodology, you can start testing your application in the local staging environment before moving it to production. However, with cross browser testing, you can track and fix bugs even after deployment in production.

Let’s look at why cross browser testing is essential and how it helps in getting better UX:

Easily compare the UI design and functionality across multiple browsers.
It provides consistent behavior and a better user experience across various browsers and platforms.
It helps you get satisfied customers with better accessible websites.
It can make your web app compatible on different platforms, like mobile, desktop, tablets, etc.
Consistent and easy navigation.

The ConfigException is an exception that occur when the grid is not able start or register node for the given configurable attribute of the Selenium Grid.

Top Cross Browser Testing Challenges and Their Solutions

We might think that the browser world is all about Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, or Opera. But in reality, there are many different browsers people from all over the world use for their web activities. Not to mention, a site or an application has to be compatible with varying browser versions. This makes cross browser testing a bit daunting. Here are the top cross browser testing challenges the QA team encounters.

Challenge #1: It Is Challenging To Automate Cross Browser Testing

Automated browser testing is the holy grail that can help you drastically pace up your web apps’ release cycles. But the process is a lot more than a few clicks and done. It’s a simple solution to a complicated problem. Though it sounds simple to run automation for functional testing using tools like Selenium, it requires some effort and time to have the right tool and prepare for automated cloud based browser testing, which includes activities like writing test scripts, defining capabilities, etc., for better results.

Taking another example, Layout test automation and UI testing look easy as it involves comparing screenshots; however, it is rather complicated as screenshot depends upon the resolution in which it is captured and distinctive UI elements a browser has. Automating such tasks on multiple browsers can be really tricky.

An important thing to note is that the success of the entire automation process depends on this step. So, it’s not a trivial assignment. This makes it all the more important to evaluate requirements before making a strategy for automation. First, check how you can use the existing resources you already have access to. If you wish to automate cross browser testing for a wide range of browsers and browser versions, there are excellent tools to assist you in your efforts.

Solution: A tool with core features to automate cross browser testing

The only way to deal with this cross browser testing challenge is to select a cross browser testing tool with all the features to automate the process. Ensure that the server of the automation tool you go for consists of a reliable inventory of browser versions. It should also stay on par with any latest browser updates and with the recent browser features integrated. It must have the capability to test web apps across multiple browsers, take HD screenshots, record videos, and more. For instance, LamdaTest is a leading tool that provides all the core functionalities to fulfill all your cross browser testing needs.

Challenge #2: In-house Infrastructure Setup And Maintenance Is A Burden

Setting an in-house structure is not feasible in every case, especially if a startup has a set budget. On-site development has restrictions of its own. Even though in-house vs. cloud has been a point of debate for a long time, I’ve come across numerous people regretting not adopting a cloud-based approach in the initial stages.

For example, if you want to test your web application on multiple platforms, you need to maintain the infrastructure of the latest devices, OS, browsers, and browser versions. This is a tedious task as it requires a dedicated team to manage it, and also you have to bear the high cost. Moreover, it is very time-consuming and often has scalability issues.

Website testing on the cloud facilitates a collaborative virtual platform minus the cost of setting up and maintaining an in-house infrastructure. Moreover, upgrades aren’t as costly as one might think. Users have access to various shared resources 24×7. Therefore, it’s better to opt for a platform that provides a cloud-based solution, thus, helping testers and developers make robust applications and sites.

Solution: A cloud-based service with a reliable infrastructure

The best way to overcome this cross browser testing challenge is to go for a cloud-based cross browser testing tool without maintaining the devices internally. For instance, LambdaTest offers more than 2000 browsers along with browser versions for mobile devices and desktops. With LambdaTest, you can straightaway cut down the time and cost of maintaining infrastructure. Some features such as live-interactive testing, hassle-free integration with various third-party tools, Selenium grid automation testing, testing of locally hosted sites and apps, etc., make LambdaTest a leading cross browser testing platform on the cloud.

Challenge #3: Testing On Too Many Browsers, Including The legacy ones

One of the most prominent cross browser testing challenges is that there are way too many browsers and their respective versions. Not every business can host as well as maintain all browsers, versions, and devices in-house. The more significant challenge lies with keeping yourself updated with all of them and ensuring your web application performance on each one of them.

For example, if your application is developed considering the support on five major browsers like Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, and Internet Explorer. It looks pretty straightforward and manageable as they are just five in number. However, all of your users might not use the latest version of each of the browsers.

On a contrary note, there might be a need to ensure customer experience over legacy operating systems and outdated browsers like IE and legacy Edge. So, testing all combinations manually is impossible. To make it more clear, let’s assume that you have built an application targeting the top 3 browsers on each platform.

Windows: Chrome, Firefox, IE (3)
macOS: Safari, Chrome, Firefox (3)
Linux: Chrome, Firefox, Opera (3)

It looks quite manageable as you have nine browser types. However, not every user would be using the same version of every browser type. Even if we consider two versions of each browser, the number will double, i.e., 18. Therefore, it becomes necessary to consider testing on multiple browsers and browser versions and eventually increase the number to many folds.

Solution: A comprehensive platform with the latest and legacy browsers

The best way to solve this problem is first to understand whether testing your web application across all these browsers and browser versions is necessary or not. This can be quickly done by looking at visitors’ stats and the browsers used. Based on the results, you can prioritize your test, i.e., testing on the browsers that have the maximum user base first. However, suppose your web application has users using all the browsers and browser versions. In that case, you can probably go for a cross browser testing tool like LambdaTest that has a combination of over 2000 latest browsers/browser versions/OS.

Challenge #4: Frequent browser updates

Browsers have a way to evolve approximately every six to eight weeks. New versions come along with a majority of users updating. In some cases where they’ve turned on auto-updates, people are not even likely to notice that they’re using a new browser version. This prompts the testing team to repeatedly carry out the testing process to ensure that everything works well with the latest browser versions.

Different businesses follow a different approach. One segment ignores the new versions unless a user reports a bug. It sounds convenient, but sometimes, the damage can scare away many customers before someone fixes it. But if there is a delay in the damage control, a business can lose valuable clientele, and the ROI can take a massive hit.

The other segment follows the preventive approach. They keep their sites updated with the latest browser versions and don’t give any chance to complain. How do they achieve this?

As discussed above, automated browser testing is a challenging task. But in the end, it’s worth the effort. You can still deal with it either by ignoring your web application’s testing on the updated browser until any bug is reported by the customer or go for a third-party cross browser testing tool to keep up with the latest browser updates.

Challenge #5: Testing on too many OS combinations

We have already seen how difficult it is to manage testing on multiple browsers and browser versions. Combining numerous browsers and versions with operating systems make it next to impossible to test a website or a web app at all. Not to mention, it’s mandatory even to check the compatibility of a site with various mobile devices.

Adding to the example where we have seen the complexity of testing 18 combinations of browser and browser versions, let’s extend the scope to the three operating systems.

Windows 8: 3 Browsers
Windows 8.1: 3 Browsers
Windows 10: 3 Browsers
OS X El Capitan: 3 Browsers
OS X macOS Sierra: 3 Browsers
macOS High Sierra: 3 Browsers
Ubuntu 17.04: 3 Browsers
Ubuntu 17.10: 3 Browsers
Ubuntu 18.04: 3 Browsers

This is quite a daunting task considering 32X and 64X variants of each OS type. Even though it might not seem possible to cover every single combination in existence, you can still achieve better test coverage.

It’s noteworthy that you can test on a wide array of mobile and desktop browsers across different operating systems with cloud-based services. The biggest perk is that businesses don’t have to bear the headache of setups and maintenance for testing with various combinations.

Challenge #6: Testing for visual bugs in all screen resolutions

Testing your site for visual errors manually can hog up a lot of time. It’s not new information, and our mind goes straight to test automation. But it’s important to note that detecting broken layouts for sites and web apps using test automation can be a little tricky. In this case, there is a lot to deal with, especially if we begin to count the different test environments.

We have already discussed the combination of various browsers, browser versions, and OS. Now adding screen resolution will make things more complicated, especially with the manual approach. Just imagine if we add mobile devices with their own set of browsers, the list would never be ending.

Such a situation calls for a Selenium-based tool that can facilitate smooth automation of UI testing. For instance, your tests should be performing various actions, simultaneously taking screenshots. This helps in determining the consistency of the user interface by reviewing the screenshots captured. Moreover, if you want to test multiple screen resolutions parallelly, you can go for a cloud-based cross browser testing tool like LambdaTest.

Challenge #7: Executing tests on multiple browsers simultaneously

This is again one of the most common cross browser testing challenges. Parallel testing is one of the most common tasks performed on a cross browser testing tool, facilitating testing a web application on multiple browsers, browser versions, and operating systems parallelly. You can thus reduce the execution time drastically and increase the test coverage.

However, executing tests on multiple browsers simultaneously can be challenging if you try to execute them manually. It consumes a lot of time and resources as you have to run different tests for different combinations of browser-version-OS.

You can utilize the feature of parallel testing of cross browser testing platforms like LambdaTest to perform testing side-by-side as many times as you want. It will help you quickly find inevitable bugs in your web app, thus saving you a lot of time. You can utilize the time saved in focusing on other areas.

Now, you would have known the most prominent challenges of cross browser testing. In the next section, we will cover some of the cross browser compatibility issues faced by the testing teams and their solutions.

The DevToolsException usually found when any command is not supported by CDP (chrome devtool protocol) implementation which is a major part of Selenium 4

Bonus Tip: Common Browser Compatibility Issues

Cross browser compatibility is one of the most important aspects of retaining clientele and expanding the customer base. Even though many browsers increase user ease for web surfing, it raises browser compatibility issues. For instance, some websites would load comparatively slower on some browsers. On that note, let’s take a look at some common browser compatibility issues and their solutions.

Issue #1: Incorrect DOCTYPE

A single line of code can make a huge difference in the way a site renders. Internet explorer has a different way of interpreting web standards. As a result, this can result in various errors, such as hindering the pages’ proper loading. The first line of the HTML code has the DOCTYPE tag, which helps create a smoothly rendered site.

Even after you’ve written the entire code, missing out on it leads to a lot of faults in rendering. Therefore, it’s vital to check the DOCTYPE, especially in browsers like Internet Explorer 8.0 or before that have outdated versions. It helps in preventing the occurrence of browser compatibility issues over and over again.

Solution: Adding a simple code

Solving the incorrect DOCTYPE issue is fairly simple. All developers need to do is include a simple code of one line in the beginning.

    <!DOCTYPE html>

As a result, the website will be rendered correctly in all browsers.

Issue #2: Lack of a Valid HTML/CSS

Not every browser is as forgiving as Firefox and Chrome when it comes to interpreting CSS and HTML. For instance, if you missed the

code, Firefox and Chrome will naturally add it. But that’s not the case with all browsers. They won’t render a website correctly in case the code is missing. Moreover, in such situations, it’s hard even to get a hint of what’s wrong.

Solution: Using W3C validators

One can fix this problem by finding this missing tab manually. But it can be an overwhelming process in case the web project is a large one. Therefore, validating your code automatically using tools such as W3C Validators can solve this problem.

Issue #3: No CSS Reset

Every browser has a set of CSS styles that apply if the current site doesn’t override them. Each one has a design layout by default, and for every site to implement its very own structure, it’s important to override the default. Even if browsers don’t have their CSS styling, they will render web pages differently.

Solution: Using CSS reset style sheet

Resetting the websites rendered can curb this issue. Developers do so using a CSS reset style sheet to ensure that different browsers render web pages with the same set of rules. Some common ones include Normalize.css, HTML5Reset, and Eric Meyers CSS Reset.

Issue #4: Vendor-Specific CSS Styles

Today’s web browsers usually hide their CSS functionality behind the closed doors of a vendor-specific CSS style. Thus, while establishing the vendor-specific style, the vendor will either add a version with modifications without the vendor prefix or eliminate the vendor-specific version.

Solution: Adding unprefixed version

Thus, to ensure that all browsers pick it up, you must add the unprefixed version along with the prefixed version. This ensures the hassle-free working of the code in different browsers. Some common prefixes for various browsers include:

-moz (Mozilla Firefox)
-ms (Microsoft IE)
-webkit (Safari and Chrome)
-o (Opera browser)

Issue #5: Outdated and Older Browser-Detection Scripts

When a browser runs an outdated JavaScript version, browser compatibility issues are usually inevitable. Modern browsers don’t always support older scripts, making it difficult for them to load pages with relatively new elements. But developers can eliminate this issue by verifying whether the browser detection is up-to-date.

Solution: Using a Modernizer

It’s best if it’s possible to remove browser detection altogether. Using a Modernizer in place of browser detection shifts the focus directly on the features. As a result, this provides a more seamless and overall better experience.

Issue #6: JavaScript Failure to Detect Browser

JavaScript is not permissive as HTML or CSS while handling errors or features that are unrecognized. Many old browsers do not support the new features implemented with ECMAScript 6 (ES6)/ECMAScript. For example, features like ‘Promise Object,’ ‘Typed Arrays,’ and ‘Arrow Functions’ would not work on the old version of the browsers like IE, Firefox, Chrome, etc.

Solution: Using Modernizer along with a fallback mechanism

You can enumerate all browser features by using Modernizer, a set of ‘superfast tests.’ Moreover, you can check whether a particular browser version supports the functionality or not using an online resource like caniuse. You can also have a fallback mechanism if the user is using an older version of the browser.

Issue #7: Layout Compatibility Issue

Layout compatibility issue generally happens when the default browser design is removed using CSS resets. This could be either due to non-responsive web applications or lack of support of the design on a specific browser and browser versions.

Solution: Using tools like Flexbox and CSS grids

Many developers use the float feature to overcome this. Float is a floating image within a text box that is supported by multiple browsers. However, this has some limitations. You can use tools such as Flexbox or CSS grids that are compatible with modern browsers.

Summing It Up

UX is an essential criterion in determining the overall success of a business. But the interface of a web application is not the only thing that determines user experience. With an increasing number of OS, devices, browsers, and their versions, it’s essential to check the cross browser compatibility of a site or app from time to time. Some developers consider it the final step while designing a web app.
Download best in class free browser app to test & debug for developers!!!

Without a doubt, it’s a vital yet tricky step. But even though the task is a challenging one, there is a solution to every problem in cross browser testing. Plus, as long as you have a team of experts backing up the process, you can rest assured of efficiency and accuracy.

How To Debug Websites Using Safari Developer Tools

VeetheeDixit1 — Tue, 29 Mar 2022 14:54:08 +0000

Safari is the default browser on iPads, Macbooks, and iPhones. It lies second on browser preferences right after Chrome. Its 250+ features offer users striking benefits that set it apart from other most popular browsers like Chrome and Firefox. Building on that, iPhone’s popularity has resulted in a global smartphone market share of 53.6% for Safari.

Last year, Apple’s number of active devices witnessed a significant increase to 1.5 billion. Since the user base keeps rising, Apple constantly ensures a near-perfect user experience and an optimized performance across all its devices.

Thanks to its good usability and the massive popularity of Apple devices, Safari has gained a broad user base. If that’s the case, it’s vital to offer them an ideal browsing experience across various browser versions. But once you go ahead and launch a website, debugging it after encountering a bug becomes almost impossible.

That’s why it’s crucial to debug websites for Safari before they go out there. In this article, we look at how to debug websites using Safari Developer tools.

But before that, let’s check out why it’s vital to debug websites on Safari.

Why debug websites on Safari?

Safari has been a part of the most popular browsers since 2003. Its first version was released the same year with Mac OS X Panther. Since the iPhone launched in 2007, a mobile version of Safari has been included in all iOS devices. If a user doesn’t change it, it’s the default browser on Apple devices.

Considering the number of Apple devices and their never-ending versions, the combinations of different features and screen resolutions are enormous. But when you debug websites on Safari before launch, your users can hop on to the Window that quickly takes them to your services and products.

Web developers must validate website appearance across different screen sizes to maintain cross browser compatibility. This ensures the correct rendering of web pages across various browsers. It also provides a comparatively superior user experience with consistency. It’s also essential to consider how a particular version of Safari might interact with a device’s hardware specifications. This adds to another form of verification that is crucial for the web development pipeline.

Since Safari is the second most popular browser, businesses shouldn’t risk losing out on potential customers because of website bugs. After all, vulnerability, compromised navigation, and other incompetencies can turn a simple user interface into a screaming nightmare!

On the upside, device functionality and operating system are more superficial than Android devices. According to QA, deciding on a testbed is straightforward too.

Different methods to debug websites using Safari Developer tools

Before debugging websites using Safari Developer tools, it’s essential to have a device that runs on iOS or macOS. This section will explore three different techniques to debug websites using Safari Developer tools.

Debug Using Responsive Design Mode in Safari Developer tools.
Debug Websites on Safari using Web inspector on iPhones and iPads.
Debug Websites using Safari Developer tools on the LambdaTest platform.
Remote debugging for iOS Safari on OS X

Let’s take a look at different methods one by one!

Debugging websites with Responsive design mode

In this section of the article on Developer tools for Safari, we will look at how you can debug the mobile view of a website using Safari Developer tools. Remember that you need to enable the Developer menu before accessing the responsive design mode since it’s disabled by default for Safari.

After launching the Safari browser, select Preferences > Advanced.
Check the box and click the Show Develop menu in menu bar.

Here is how it looks.

Below are the steps for viewing a website’s mobile version with the help of Safari Developers tools –

Launch Safari and visit the URL of your choice.
Go to Develop > Enter Responsive Design Mode from the menu bar.
After that, you can view the desired website by selecting the Apple mobile device.

If you wish to debug a particular issue for a specific viewport or screen size or inspect a particular element, Web Inspector is the key to doing it. Developers can find it in the development view and use the element selector to inspect specific elements after activating the inspector.

Debugging websites on Safari using Web Inspector

As mentioned in the above method, here is how you can easily debug websites on iPhone and iPads on Safari using the Web Inspector.

Let’s take a look.

Connect your iPad or iPhone to the machine.
Navigate to Settings > Safari > Advanced and enable the Web Inspector toggle button.

You can now preview the desired web page on your Safari browser in mobile or start debugging using Safari Developer tools.

The JsonException occured when any action/operation return values are not being able to parse by selenium client.

Debugging websites using Safari Developer tools on LambdaTest

Cross browser testing platforms like LambdaTest provides integrated Safari Developer tools that allow users to debug websites in real-time on iOS simulators for browser testing. It also enables devs and testers to test on Safari browser online across different real Safari browser versions and operating systems. They can easily view and debug any JavaScript, CSS, or HTML web applications or websites and check their sites through changes in code via developer tools across different iOS devices.

Automate Cypress testing and perform browser automation testing with LambdaTest. Our cloud infrastructure has 3000+ desktop & mobile environments.

Why Use LambdaTest for Safari Browser Debugging?

LambdaTest is a cross browser testing platform that offers an online browser farm of 3000+ real browsers and operating systems to perform browser and app testing of websites and web applications. Therefore, you can perform web testing on different versions online for identifying browser compatibility issues. In addition, it facilitates browser testing on real Safari browsers online that run on real machines. This ensures website compatibility on all legacy Safari versions and new ones from Safari 15 to 5.1.

Users get a broad range of Safari browser versions for debugging, ensuring a pixel-perfect experience for customers. In addition, thanks to parallel testing, LambdaTest helps you reduce test execution time for testing your website on both mobile and virtual macOS online.

The best thing about the LambdaTest platform is that you don’t even have to install or download anything, not even virtual machines! The cloud grid of mobile Safari browsers allows users to run Selenium IDE tests on cloud.

Also, with LambdaTest integrations, you can directly mark your bugs from LambdaTest and use Asana, JIRA, or other bug management tools. In addition to that, users can also move them to Gitlab, GitHub or carry out communication over Slack. Other integrations include Mantis Bug tracker, Clubhouse, Bugherd, TeamWork, Paymo, VSTS, and BitBucket.

LambdaTest tunnel allows users to access online Safari browsers for local page testing of private or locally hosted web apps for browser compatibility on different Safari browsers. Single-click responsive testing and full-page screenshot testing are some added functionalities.

Below are the steps on using iOS Developer tools for Safari on the LambdaTest platform for real-time testing –

Login to your LambdaTest account. If you don’t have an account, register on LambdaTest .
If you want to test on emulators and simulators, select Real Time Testing **from the left sidebar. To test on a real device cloud, choose **Real Time from the Real Device dropdown.

Enter a test URL, select the Mobile OS icon, choose DEVICE TYPE, DEVICE, OS, and BROWSER. Then, click START.

It will route you to the selected cloud-based iOS simulator. To open the integrated Safari Developer tools, click the **DevTools **icon.

You can now debug your web applications or websites using Developer tools for Safari.

If you want to debug websites on real devices, here is a quick tutorial on performing real-time testing on real devices.

Remote debugging for iOS Safari on OS X

Remote debugging iOS Safari on OS X can be a challenging task. But it’s simpler than you might think. First, install the Safari browser version on your computer.

Connect an iPhone or iPad to a Mac computer with the help of a USB.
Enable Web Inspector on your device by selecting Settings > Safari > Advanced and switching on the Web Inspector toggle. This will switch it on in case that wasn’t in the default mode.
After successfully enabling Web Inspector, do the same with the develop menu by selecting Safari > Preferences > Advanced and check the box in the menu bar. Don’t do anything if it’s enabled already by default.
Ensure that your devices are plugged in on your computer before opening your desired web page. Select Develop > iOS device name and select the page you wish to debug.
Now, you can view and update the DOM (Document Object Model) and have access to the JavaScript console and some other features and options.

The reason for the Javascriptexeception failure is generally provided in the error message, including a stacktrace of the error given by the browser’s JavaScript engine.

Summing Up!

You won’t automatically gain a billion users by designing a feature-filled website. Even if you manage to acquire people to browse your website with compromised features, they will encounter bugs and leave your platform forever. Remember that retention is vital to ensure consistent conversions and high ROI besides gaining users. Every bug in your interface takes your customers closer to your competitors.

The methods mentioned above are helpful for QA teams to debug websites using Safari Developer tools. Interface bugs can lie on the spectrum of simply being annoying and causing major user experience disruptions. Debugging on Safari browsers is necessary to launch web applications that work well under all conditions.

Some developers and testers might find website debugging for Safari a bit challenging. But it’s important to remember how crucial it is to offer a satisfying and seamless user experience for better customer acquisition and retention.

Do you have any questions regarding how to debug a website using Safari Developer tools? Let us know in the comments below.