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    <title>Forem: Tiffanie BOREUX</title>
    <description>The latest articles on Forem by Tiffanie BOREUX (@tboreux).</description>
    <link>https://forem.com/tboreux</link>
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      <title>Forem: Tiffanie BOREUX</title>
      <link>https://forem.com/tboreux</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Local Reverse Proxy</title>
      <dc:creator>Tiffanie BOREUX</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 May 2024 23:44:02 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/tboreux/local-reverse-proxy-26ig</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/tboreux/local-reverse-proxy-26ig</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Laziness drove me to install NGINX as a reverse proxy and to set up a local domain name with a self-signed certificate.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Context
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On my Mac, I have installed &lt;a href="https://www.docker.com"&gt;Docker&lt;/a&gt; and deployed several applications within their containers. I don't need to access these applications over the Internet, so I keep them local, accessing them with my browser using &lt;code&gt;localhost&lt;/code&gt; and their exposed ports.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, I'm tired of remembering the ports. To simplify access, I decided to install NGINX on my Mac to set up a local reverse proxy.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Installation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I'm using &lt;a href="https://brew.sh"&gt;Homebrew&lt;/a&gt;, so the installation is straightforward:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;brew &lt;span class="nb"&gt;install &lt;/span&gt;nginx
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Now, NGINX is installed on my Mac, nothing complicated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  NGINX Configuration
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;By default, NGINX serves content on port 8080. I want to change it to port 80:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Search for the &lt;code&gt;http&lt;/code&gt; block. Inside it, there is a &lt;code&gt;server&lt;/code&gt; block. In this &lt;code&gt;server&lt;/code&gt; block, change &lt;code&gt;listen 8080;&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;listen 80;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  SSL Configuration
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you're going to use a custom local domain name, you might as well use a self-signed SSL certificate. I'll use &lt;a href="https://www.openssl.org"&gt;OpenSSL&lt;/a&gt; for this:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;openssl req &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-x509&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-newkey&lt;/span&gt; rsa:4096 &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-sha256&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-days&lt;/span&gt; 3650 &lt;span class="se"&gt;\&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-nodes&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-keyout&lt;/span&gt; home.arpa.key &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-out&lt;/span&gt; home.arpa.crt &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-subj&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s2"&gt;"/CN=home.arpa"&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="se"&gt;\&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-addext&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s2"&gt;"subjectAltName=DNS:home.arpa,DNS:*.home.arpa,IP:127.0.0.1"&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;You can replace &lt;code&gt;home.arpa&lt;/code&gt; with your custom domain name.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once you have your &lt;code&gt;.key&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;.crt&lt;/code&gt; files, store them carefully. I chose to copy them to a folder next to &lt;code&gt;nginx.conf&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="nb"&gt;mkdir&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nt"&gt;-p&lt;/span&gt; /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
&lt;span class="nb"&gt;mv &lt;/span&gt;home.arpa.key home.arpa.crt /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Server Block Creation
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Instead of having one large &lt;code&gt;nginx.conf&lt;/code&gt; file with all my server declarations, I decided to use the &lt;code&gt;servers/&lt;/code&gt; directory in &lt;code&gt;/usr/local/etc/nginx/servers&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/servers/portainer.home.arpa.conf
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;h3&gt;
  
  
  Configuration Example
&lt;/h3&gt;



&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight nginx"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="k"&gt;server&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;listen&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;443&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;ssl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;server_name&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;portainer.home.arpa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;ssl_certificate&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;/usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/home.arpa.crt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;ssl_certificate_key&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;/usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/home.arpa.key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;ssl_protocols&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;TLSv1.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;TLSv1.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;ssl_prefer_server_ciphers&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="no"&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;ssl_ciphers&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;location&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="n"&gt;/&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="kn"&gt;proxy_pass&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;https://127.0.0.1:9443&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="kn"&gt;proxy_set_header&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;Host&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nv"&gt;$host&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="kn"&gt;proxy_set_header&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;X-Real-IP&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nv"&gt;$remote_addr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="kn"&gt;proxy_set_header&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;X-Forwarded-For&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nv"&gt;$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class="kn"&gt;proxy_set_header&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;X-Forwarded-Proto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="nv"&gt;$scheme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class="k"&gt;server&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="p"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;listen&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;server_name&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;portainer.home.arpa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

    &lt;span class="kn"&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mi"&gt;301&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="s"&gt;https://&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="nv"&gt;$host$request_uri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="p"&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class="p"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  NGINX Restart
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To apply the changes, restart NGINX with:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class="nb"&gt;sudo &lt;/span&gt;brew services restart nginx
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Local DNS
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Don't forget to update your local DNS. Add this line to your &lt;code&gt;/etc/hosts&lt;/code&gt; file:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight shell"&gt;&lt;code&gt;127.0.0.1 portainer.home.arpa
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Conclusion
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That's it! Now, you can browse your application using &lt;code&gt;https://portainer.home.arpa&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;https://127.0.0.1:9443&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Happy me! 🌱&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>nginx</category>
      <category>macos</category>
      <category>docker</category>
      <category>certificates</category>
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