Forem: ranjit shah

A Git beginner should learn these basic git commands

ranjit shah — Thu, 19 Nov 2020 20:06:04 +0000

Every developer at the beginning of his journey always faces issues with Git & GitHub and most organizations use Git as version control for their source code. In this blog, we will learn basic commands of git which are used by developers in their daily life.

So, Lets Start

Git Commands

to initialize a git repository

git init

it adds the file to the staging. (adds the file to your project)

git add .

it makes all the changes in the staging file on your local repository. (commits the changes in the file)

git commit -m "<commit_message>"
ex:
git commit -m "first commit"

also, you can add and commit together by using this
git commit -a "first commit"

command is used to upload local repository(local commits) content to a remote repository.

git push

same as push command "-u" here represents an upstream sign which means you can upload your local commits to selected remote/branch

git push -u <remote_name> <branch_name>
ex:
git push -u origin main

Don't use this command until you don't know its consequences.it forcibly pushes your local commits to the remote.

git push -f

to update/fetch your local repository from remote ( your codebase now up to date with a remote repo)

git pull

to check all the branches

git branch

to change the branch or check out the branch

git checkout <branch_name>
ex:
git checkout development

to cut new branch. always run this command from that branch you want to cut a new branch

git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
ex:
git checkout -b newbranch

it shows all the changing logs including ( commits, author, time, branch)

git log

to config git author which shows on remote repo who pushed the changes

git config user.name <git_username>
git config user.email <git_email>

it shows the configuration list

git config --list

to reset the changes in a specific branch

git reset

to merge changes with the specific branch. ( it merges changes on your local from remote )

git merge <branch_name>

it shows the remote URL of git on which remote repo it pushed or pulled

git remote -v

it sets the remote URL( from which you pull or update local with remote )

git remote set-url <url_of_origin>

in this file you add those file paths which you don't want to push on remote

.gitignore

it reset a branch by 1 commit. means set back a branch by 1 commit. you can replace 1 by number (no. of commits revert)

git reset --hard HEAD~1

it rebases your branch with a named branch

git rebase -i <branch>

for ex:
branch1: head
branch2: dev
git checkout dev
git rebase head

it looks like  head->dev
now head added as a base in dev branch

I hope, this blog helped you as a beginner. thank you for reading
and all the best for the journey :)

#2 DBMS ( FOR INTERVIEW PURPOSES )

ranjit shah — Sun, 20 Sep 2020 14:35:53 +0000

In this series of blogs, we will study all the database management ( DBMS ) topics for interview purposes. this blog gives you only the insights and working explanation of each topic, we will not go in-depth of the topic

In the previous blog, we studied about Data structures and DBMS. So, now move on #2 topic

2) Difference Between Database and Database Management System?

Database :

Database is a collection of well-organized data. In the database, data is stored in the form of tables and views, and these sets of data elements designed to store and manipulate data in the future.

Two type of Database
- Online transaction processing (OLTP)
  
  stores current data & used for transaction purpose ( stored in megabyte or gigabyte)
- Online analysis processing (OLAP)
  
  stores historical data & used for analysis purpose ( stored in terabyte or petabyte )

In a relational database, the structure of the table also known as schema

DBMS:

DBMS is system software that is used to creating, managing, and retrieving data from the database as per the user requirement. it acts as an intermediator between user and database

for more information about DBMS you can read the previous blog :
Link :
DBMS ( FOR INTERVIEW PURPOSES)

Examples of DBMS are MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, etc.

Let's understand difference via example

Excel is a database which can store your data but to extract the data you have to dig row by row manually

similar to excel we have an oracle, MySQL that offers commands by which users can fetch any data as per the requirements.

MAIN MEMORY VS SECONDARY MEMORY

Main memory is the primary memory or internal memory of the computer while secondary memory is the backup or auxiliary memory of the computer.
Types of Main memory & Secondary memory

Main memory is directly accessed by the processing unit whereas secondary memory cannot be.
Main memory is both volatile & non-volatile whereas secondary memory is always non-volatile.
Main memory holds the currently using data while secondary memory stores the substantial amount of data & information ( from 256gb to 1 terabyte )
Main Memory can be accessed by data buses while secondary memory is accessed by I/O channels

Thank you for reading : )

#1 DBMS ( FOR INTERVIEW PURPOSES)

ranjit shah — Sat, 05 Sep 2020 16:08:44 +0000

In this series of blog, we will study all the database management ( DBMS ) topics for interview purposes. this blog gives you only the insights and working explanation of each topic, we will not go in-depth of the topic

so let's start with #1 Topic

1) What is DBMS? How it is Different from Data Structures.

DBMS

DBMS means Database Management System. DBMS is a software designed to store, retrieve, define, and manage data in a database.

DBMS software mainly works as an interface between the end-user and the database.

Let see an example of how a company maintains a database. it contains files for employees, clients, products.

The database is organized as these files:-

1) EMPLOYEE file contains the employee details such as name, designation, salary, etc.

2) CLIENT file contains the client details such as user details, membership details, etc.

3) PRODUCT file contains the product details such as product price, stock quantity, etc.

Types of DBMS
1. Hierarchical database systems
2. Network database systems
3. Object-oriented database systems
4. No-SQL or non-relational database systems

DATA STRUCTURES :

Data structures are a way of organizing data in the computer memory in an efficient way by using optimal time and space complexity. using proper data structure will speed up the performance of the software

Types of Data structures :
- Linear
  
  Array
  
  Linked list
  
  Stack
  
  Queue
- Non-linear
  
  Tree
  
  Binary-tree
  
  Graph

DBMS VS DATA STRUCTURES

By definition, you can understand DBMS used for storing and accessing data while data structure is used for managing and organizing data in an optimal way
DBMS stores data in permanent memory. Data structure stores data in temporary memory ( It is alive till the program is alive )
let's understand by example :
we are running a company and have a list of employees. for storing a list of employees we use DBMS and for searching data of the specific employee, we use a data-structures so that it performs in an optimal way.

thank you for reading : )