Forem: Meson Network

Meson Vector Plan

Meson Network — Fri, 14 Jul 2023 03:25:29 +0000

Many of you may know Meson Network for offering a decentralized content delivery network (CDN) service for Web3 users for the last couple of years. However, this is only a part of Meson's Vector Plan, which is to establish a Nasdaq-like platform for bandwidth infrastructure - the Meson Exchange. The Vector Plan aligns with Meson Network's objective of transitioning from a closed, manual contract-driven market to one governed by the protocol through its contributors and participants.

In order to make that happen, it is essential to understand the current characteristics of the bandwidth market. Bandwidth has emerged as a massive global market, playing a crucial role in connecting people's everyday data. Additionally, this market exhibits a multi-edge structure, with infrastructures divided across geographies, companies, and countries. A significant challenge within this market is the presence of profit conflicts among its participants. These conflicts often prove to be inefficient to resolve through human intervention alone. Therefore, transitioning from a closed, manual contract-driven market to an automatic protocol-governed exchange market holds the potential for enhancing efficiency in this global multi-edge market, where players strive to maximize their profits.

We are building the Meson Exchange to address these challenges in the rapidly evolving bandwidth market. To explore further, it is crucial to examine the feasibility and importance of standardizing bandwidth products while ensuring its performance.

Standardized bandwidth is the future!

Bandwidth rental from local telecoms is typically measured in megabits per second (Mbps), making Mbps one of the common units to quantify bandwidth. Additionally, Amazon Web Services (AWS) has emerged as the world's largest cloud service provider, offering standardized physical bandwidth infrastructures that are accessible to users. These infrastructures have been broken down into standardized components and are made accessible to buyers.

The success of AWS proves the importance of infrastructure product standardization in creating an efficient and transparent market. This is particularly true for the global bandwidth market. Presently, bandwidth offerings differ significantly in terms of speed, reliability, and pricing structures, which makes it difficult for buyers and sellers to assess and compare various options. By implementing standardized metrics and benchmarks to measure bandwidth performance, such as latency, throughput, and quality of service, the market can function with improved clarity and efficiency. This standardization would empower buyers to make more informed decisions and foster fair competition among sellers, ultimately benefiting all participants in the market.

Proof of Bandwidth

Another significant challenge in the context of bandwidth is how to accurately measure and prove its value. Unlike other infrastructure resources, obtaining precise bandwidth measurements would require an inefficient 24-7 monitoring. One potential solution is to utilize data receipt proofs that function similarly to TCP's ACK (Acknowledgement), but this approach is susceptible to cheating and manipulation.

Our proposed solution adopts a free market approach and incorporates two mechanisms to ensure network security.

The first mechanism involves nodes (suppliers) staking Meson tokens to join the network. If a node is found to cheat and is detected, a portion of their stake will be deducted, ensuring that the penalty is significant enough to discourage node misbehavior.

The second mechanism involves the introduction of a role called the Hunter. The Hunter acts as a regular file requester and can request files from any node in the network. If a node attempts to deceive by claiming to possess something it doesn't have, the Hunter has the opportunity to test and expose the deceptive behavior. The Hunter then reports the fraudulent node to the network's running nodes, and a portion of the slashed tokens from the cheating node is awarded to the Hunter for their vigilance. The role of the Hunter is akin to that of an arbitrator in financial exchanges, helping to enhance market efficiency and integrity.

Performance is a hard challenge, but not that hard

Now let's discuss the scheduling aspect of the Meson Exchange, drawing a comparison to the system used by Uber. In Uber, for instance, there may be passenger A who wants to travel from location C to D, and passenger B who wants to travel from location E to F. Meanwhile, there are two available cars, X and Y. The challenge is to find a matching system that effectively serves the demands of the passengers while achieving a globally optimized arrangement.

Similarly, in the context of bandwidth exchange, we encounter a similar challenge. Let's consider a file A that needs to be transferred from location C to D. The question becomes how to identify the most suitable routers and nodes to ensure the global optimum in terms of performance and efficiency.

The solution to this challenge primarily depends on the scale of the problem. In the case of Uber, the average query per second (QPS) at the server level is typically below 1,000, with peak QPS below 10,000. Moreover, Uber usually focuses on addressing problems within a single city, involving cars and local citizens. However, in the case of Meson, the scenario involves much higher frequency matching and a significantly larger number of nodes. As the platform experiences mass adoption, there could be hundreds of millions or even more nodes participating in the exchange with high-frequency matching demands. One approach to solve this seemingly daunting problem is to encourage individual nodes to join node pools and reduce the overall number of single nodes in the network. For example, if there are 3,000 nodes in city A, they can direct their resources to five pool nodes. This way, in the Meson system, scheduling only needs to be performed for these five nodes instead of the original 3,000 single nodes. Furthermore, nodes can choose the pool with the best performance and reward profile, fostering healthy competition among pools and driving them to continuously improve their performance.

Taking a step further, we need to examine whether decentralized scheduling can be realized. The answer is simple: we do not impose restrictions on the nodes, allowing them to deploy their own deployment and scheduling strategies. However, in order to maximize their profits, it is likely that nodes in the network will converge to similar strategies.

The demand for bandwidth is experiencing significant growth

We are currently witnessing a progression from texts to images, and now to videos, as we embrace advancements in technology. With the continuous efforts made by tech conglomerates and protocols alike, it is possible that we may soon enter the era of the metaverse. As these revolutionary technologies emerge, the demand for bandwidth is increasing exponentially.

In the Meson Exchange, resources can be exchanged not only through the spot market but also through the future market, allowing people to trade and bet on future resources as they would for the much more mature commodities market. This means that individuals can have access to a suite of spot and derivatives products for advanced bandwidth resource planning, providing flexibility and opportunities for optimizing resource allocation in anticipation of future demands.

As we move towards a more interconnected and immersive digital landscape, the Meson Exchange serves as a platform to meet the growing bandwidth requirements and facilitates both immediate and future standardized resource trading, supporting the rapidly evolving needs of the technology-driven era we are witnessing.

So, in short, the Meson vector plan is:

Use Meson token to aggregate long-tail, mid-sized and edge suppliers
Use the suppliers to serve growing Web2 + Web3 bandwidth demands
Attract larger suppliers and demands to join the network through the Meson Exchange
Expand the Meson model to other infrastructure products that have the same challenges

Meson Case Study: Arweave Gateway

Meson Network — Fri, 07 Apr 2023 02:46:24 +0000

Use Meson Network to help Arweave Gateway alleviate the Retrieval bottleneck under high concurrent requests.

Challenge

❓ Arweave has a lot of pressure from NFT retrieval

This is because NFT files are usually very small image files. Every time a user accesses an NFT, they need to make a request to the Gateway. The Gateway retrieves the NFT and returns it to the user.

❓ Gateway encountered a physical bottleneck

When the NFT Marketplace access surges at a certain point in time, these high concurrent requests may cause the server to run out of resources, causing the Gateway node to reach the CPU, I/O, Memory and Bandwidth Bound in the physical environment (you can learn from Brendan Gregg's Systems Performance Learn more in the book).

❓ Files need to be cached closer to the user to shorten the request speed of the user from the original site

Using an origin server without a CDN means that each Internet request must return to the physical location of that Gateway server, regardless of where in the world it resides.

Solution

✅ Meson dCDN store (cache) Arweave in strategic locations in order to take the load off of Arweave Gateway

By moving static assets like images, videos and audios (and potentially other content) as close as possible to the requesting meson node, an meson node cache is able to reduce the amount of time it takes for a Arweave resource to load.

✅ Ability to easily retrieve Arweave content

Customers can easily access content on the Arweave network without having to deploy and secure their own Arweave nodes. Meson’s gateway leverages Arweave nodes on its own resilient and security-hardened network to retrieve Arweave content. Meson Arweave gateway can be viewed as a cache in front of Arweave. The Meson Arweave Gateway cannot be used to modify or remove content from the Arweave network.

✅ Ability to serve Arweave content through subdomain names

A Gateway needs an SSL certificate in order to keep user data secure, prevent attackers from creating a fake version of the Gateway, and gain user trust.

✅ Leverage dCDN for Arweave content (caching, performance, reliability)

When using the Meson Arweave gateway, customers get the additional benefit of using the Meson CDN, which can cache Arweave content close to users, increasing overall performance.

Example

Change the Arweave Gateway into the Meson Gateway. Read More

https://arweave.net/-ZW0S2kqxYSRUHQW5AbBp046gLILFCZmxf37HoP1K4k
=>
https://{your_pull_zone}.meson.network/-ZW0S2kqxYSRUHQW5AbBp046gLILFCZmxf37HoP1K4k

Meson enhance Arweave Demo

Results

The Meson Gateway for Arweave has withstood high concurrent Retrieval requests from Arweave, and has been running stably for 500 days with 100% online rate, which support 4072.77 TB Arweave files to be retrieved. (As of August 5, 2022).

Extended Reading

How to Add a Meson Cloud to Home Screen on iOS and Android?

Meson Network — Fri, 07 Apr 2023 02:25:39 +0000

Add a Meson to Home Screen on iOS

1. Navigate to the Safari icon and tap to open the app.

2. Tap on the URL bar.

3. Now type the Meson Cloud address that you want to add to your home screen. And then hit the go button on your keyboard.

4. Tap the Share icon in the bottom navigation bar.

5. Scroll up through the list of options, and tap on the Add to Home Screen button.

6. Now tap on Add to add the open website or web page to your iPhone’s home screen.

And the website’s shortcut will appear on your iPhone’s home screen. Next time, you just tap on the shortcut and it will take you directly to the website or the page you just added.

Add a Meson to Home Screen on Android

1. Navigate to the Chrome browser on your Android smartphone and tap to open it.

2. Tap on the URL bar to begin.

3. Type the address of the Meson Cloud and then tap on Go.

4. Once the Meson Cloud loads up, tap on the kebab menu to expand the options.

5. Tap on Add to Home screen.

6. Now tap on Add.

7. A pop-up menu will again appear, tap on Add to add the website to the home screen.

And the website will now appear on the home screen of your Android smartphone.

ETH.Radio: High availability ENS Gateway

Meson Network — Thu, 06 Apr 2023 08:22:07 +0000

let’s turn on the ETH.Radio

What is ETH.Radio?

ETH.Radio is a high-availability Ethereum Name Service (ENS) gateway. It represents a significant step towards the adoption of the decentralized web (dweb) by offering a new way to access ENS resolvable domains. Prior to the launch of ETH.Radio, services such as Cloudflare’s eth.link and the community-driven eth.limo were the primary means of bridging the gap between Web2 and Web3.

https://eth.radio/

With ETH.Radio, users can access ENS domains through a reliable and decentralized gateway that provides an alternative to the centralized services offered by other providers. By leveraging the power of IPFS and ENS, ETH.Radio enables users to access content and services hosted on the dweb in a more resilient and censorship-resistant manner.

Overall, ETH.Radio is a significant development in the ongoing evolution of the dweb, and it offers users a powerful new tool for accessing the decentralized internet.

We are committed to protecting the privacy of our end users.We do not keep logs of your IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) or X-Forwarded-For HTTP headers. This ensures that all request data is fully anonymized.

Users can expect to enjoy even faster load times with the Meson Network’s new, robust infrastructure stack.

We now offer on-demand ENS domain certificates. When you submit an HTTP request for your domain name (e.g. myname.eth.radio), we will automatically attempt to issue the certificate in the background. This means that you can now secure your ENS domain with a certificate, enhancing the security and credibility of your website.

We provide an all-in-one deployment tool that allows you to choose which versions of content to serve before committing fully to an IPFS release. This tool also enables you to easily roll back or fail over in case of a bug or vulnerability.

Web3 Brand Enhancement

Ethereum Name Service (ENS) is a crucial brand asset in Web3 that should not be overlooked by Web3 practitioners. The ability to access .eth on the internet has further amplified the brand value of ENS.

Web3 Website

Taking Staking Launchpad as an example, users can add an IPFS link to the ENS Content Hash of depositcontract.eth, which enables the depositcontract.eth domain name to directly redirect to the official website.

https://depositcontract.eth.radio
==>>
https://launchpad.ethereum.org/en/

depositcontract.eth

Code example

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">

  <body>
    <script>document.location = "https://launchpad.ethereum.org/";</script>
  </body>

</html>

Web3 Gaming

More impressively conquest.eth is accessible via the ETH.Radio gateway : https://conquest.eth.radio/

conquest.eth is an unstoppable and open-ended game of strategy and diplomacy running on ethereum.

conquest.eth

More surprises await you to discover.

Social

Official Website: https://meson.network

Github: https://github.com/daqnext

Twitter: https://twitter.com/NetworkMeson

Blog: https://blog.meson.network

Medium: https://medium.com/meson-network

Linktr: https://linktr.ee/mesonnetwork

Discord: https://discord.com/invite/z6YfSHDkmS

Telegram: https://t.me/mesonnetwork

Gateway X: Paving the Way for Mass Adoption of Web3 Infrastructure

Meson Network — Thu, 06 Apr 2023 08:02:38 +0000

From Meson Labs

TL;DR

Gateway X integrates internet cloud services, providing users with exclusive facilities for uploading and sharing Web3 storage. Additionally, Gateway X supports users connecting their local storage devices to the network, making nearly unlimited low-cost storage usage a possibility.

Why we build gateway X

Meson Network, serving as a bandwidth market service, offers Gateway acceleration services (also known as CDN) for Web3 storage infrastructures. However, in our experience, we often encounter challenges with the service origins. Let's examine the two primary mainstream Web3 storage systems as examples. For IPFS, the gateway is ipfs.io. When users configure ipfs.io as the source in Meson, it acts as a cache layer, which somewhat reduces the direct request pressure on the source gateway. Nevertheless, the core problem stems from the supply and demand imbalance of a single gateway.

This situation is like the traffic problem on a highway. There is only one route to deliver goods to IPFS city (ipfs.io). No matter how much the road is widened, congestion will always occur when the demand for goods increases. Meson, on the other hand, is like building numerous satellite cities around the world. Users don't have to take the ipfs.io highway; they can directly go to Meson's satellite cities to collect goods. The satellite city plan can fundamentally solve the problem, but there are some risks in the early stages. As most users still go to the IPFS main city to collect goods, and Meson's satellite cities also need to take the ipfs.io highway to collect goods from the main city, Meson's trucks eventually get stuck in traffic along with everyone else, leading to occasional shortages in satellite cities. In reality, when using the ipfs.io gateway, issues like 502 errors occur more than once, indicating that the service is not highly available.

Another prominent storage project, Arweave, employs a different approach with its public gateway, arweave.net. This gateway primarily functions as a redirect, directing user requests to a specific Arweave node and allowing it to respond with files. This design has the advantage of reducing the pressure on the gateway itself, but service reliability can be compromised when there aren't enough nodes or the file response process isn't properly incentivized.

In comparison, IPFS's main city is self-controlled and boasts extraordinary processing capabilities. However, there's only one external transportation highway, forcing users to enter and exit the city via that route, which often experiences congestion. Arweave's main city is designed as a distribution hub, where users enter through arweave.net and are allocated to different exit highways, heading to new node cities. Once goods are loaded at the node cities, users can leave directly via their respective highways without having to return to the main city or its highway. The advantage is that the main city and its highway design can support ultra-high capacity access, but the challenge lies in the number and reliability of node cities.

Alright, now that we understand the architecture and challenges, let's see how Meson tackles them.

Fortunately, today's excellent cloud infrastructure makes it relatively easier to lay a virtual line on the internet compared to building a physical highway. One of the core advantages of cloud services is their standardized nature and provision of standard access methods. At Meson, we've integrated existing cloud services and offer mirror deployment services for storage facilities. Users can effortlessly deploy their own IPFS gateway and Arweave node, using their facilities for storage uploading and sharing while storing only their files, significantly reducing costs.

This is akin to the past, where constructing a main city had a high entry barrier, achievable only by a select few professionals. With Gateway X at Meson, we provide a one-click main city construction feature, dramatically lowering the barrier and enabling even ordinary individuals without an engineering background to choose a piece of land and deploy a main city. There are several apparent benefits to deploying main cities in this manner:

Users can now complete deliveries and transportation (uploading and downloading files) through their own deployed main cities, avoiding the past issue of everyone crowding onto a single highway.
With more options available in the network for other users in need of transportation, the official main city's traffic pressure is significantly alleviated.
More main cities are built on the land, and according to P2P protocols, numerous highways are established between them, resulting in a stronger and more robust road network.
Users can deploy multiple main cities and set them up on the Meson side. By establishing direct high-speed connections (P2P direct connections) between their main cities, users can significantly enhance their internal data exchange capabilities.

What's Next

Throughout 2023, we plan to gradually deliver Gateway X, which aims to address source availability issues, along with the underlying infrastructure, Meson Cloud. Within Meson Cloud, we will support a diverse range of clouds, availability zones, different types of images (such as ENS's eth.radio, currently under integration), and various IP pools and monitoring facilities. Built around this infrastructure, we can see that the applications developed possess the characteristics of being platform-independent and easily scalable, taking a significant step towards achieving distributed and decentralized solutions.

5 reasons why Web3 needs a decentralized meshnet-style bandwidth marketplace

Meson Network — Mon, 18 Apr 2022 04:27:53 +0000

Harry Halpin, the CEO of NYM, recommended Meson Network, a decentralized meshnet-style bandwidth marketplace to Edward Snowden at NYM Launch Afterparty.

So why does web3 need a decentralized mesh network-style bandwidth marketplace? Let’s find out.

1. More secure service

If traditional bandwidth services are used, users need to register with their real names on platforms such as Amazon Web Services and Cloudflare and use fiat currency for resource settlement. Moreover, data leakage accidents caused by the use of centralized platforms have occurred from time to time. In 2021 alone, Amazon Web Services has experienced multiple information leakage incidents, leaking nearly 2TB of core enterprise data. This data is a fatal blow for a startup company.

The mission of Meson Network is to use blockchain technology to build a completely decentralized market and provide completely decentralized bandwidth services. Meson hopes to solve the problems caused by the centralized bandwidth market in terms of personal information security, capital flow security, and enterprise data security.

2. 100% availability

In 2021, Fastly experienced a 49-minute power outage, costing users a lot. Amazon’s outage alone could cost its users $32 million, according to calculations by SEO agency Reboot. At present, more than 30,000 public network nodes with independent IPs of Meson Network are distributed in multiple regions around the world. dCDNs have automatic server availability sensing mechanisms with instant user redirection. Therefore, Meson-based web3 applications can experience 100% availability even during periods like massive power outages, hardware issues, or network issues.

3. Lower cost

Due to Meson Network’s bandwidth comes from idle bandwidth resources scattered across the Internet, using Meson Network’s bandwidth services can eliminate the need to pay for expensive foreign hosts, and compared to investing in infrastructure and independent service providers around the world, this mechanism saves a lot of money for your Web3 application.

4. Decrease web3 server load

The strategic placement of a CDN can decrease the server load on interconnects, public and private peers, and backbones, freeing up the overall capacity and decreasing delivery costs. Essentially, the content is distributed to meson’s 30K plus individual nodes, rather than all the traffic going to the web3 application’s main service.

5. Compatible with other decentralized networks

As a Web3-native decentralized bandwidth service provider, Meson Network has fully supported decentralized storage projects such as Arweave and IPFS. The simple operation mode reduces the learning cost of developers. At present, more web3 applications are using the decentralized bandwidth services provided by meson, such as MASK, Matters Lab, RSS3, CyberConnect, RSS3, Permacast, ShowMe, etc.

Social Media

Official Website: https://meson.network
Github: https://github.com/daqnext
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NetworkMeson
Blog: https://blog.meson.network
Medium: https://medium.com/meson-network
Linktr: https://linktr.ee/mesonnetwork
Discord: https://discord.com/invite/z6YfSHDkmS
Telegram: https://t.me/mesonnetwork

Meson Network enhance Arweave

Meson Network — Mon, 27 Dec 2021 02:52:29 +0000

How to use Meson Network to enhance Arweave

Upload a file to Arweave network and get dataTxId.

{“name”: “Top Gun Maverick 2021 New Trailer Paramount Pictures_1080p.mp4”, “size”: 27433229, “lastModifiedDate”: 1624960183753,“dataTxId”: “-ZW0S2kqxYSRUHQW5AbBp046gLILFCZmxf37HoP1K4k”, “dataContentType”: “video/mp4”}

Open it in official gateway:

Now, let’s use Meson Network to optimize the global delivery for this file.

The format:

https://coldcdn.com/api/cdn/arweave/ + ‘arweave_file_id’
=>
https://coldcdn.com/api/cdn/arweave/-ZW0S2kqxYSRUHQW5AbBp046gLILFCZmxf37HoP1K4k

The link jumps to a specific node to serve the request, dekiekbbhkceexx is the hash of node.

https://arweave-dekiekbbhkceexx.shoppynext.com:1302/-ZW0S2kqxYSRUHQW5AbBp046gLILFCZmxf37HoP1K4k-redirecter456g

The difference between the storage layer and cache layer
The design philosophy of the storage layer and cache layer in blockchain world is quite different. The storage layer contains these principles at least:

Data Integrity: Take a proactive stance to protect referential integrity and reduce instances of redundancy or potential for inconsistency.

Consistency: The data consistency model specifies a contract between programmer and system, wherein the system guarantees that if the programmer follows the rules, storage will be consistent and the results of reading, writing, or updating storage will be predictable.

Confidentiality: Clients that desire for their data to be stored privately.

As for the cache layer, focus more on the experience while delivering the data to users, e.g. choose and optimize a better router, the load for the transfer system, the life cycle of the files stored in nodes.

Meson Mechanism

We have the file-TXID in storage layer(e.g. arweave). The TXID will be mirrored to some meson nodes on the first user request. And if the requests for TXID increase, the TXID will be mirrored to more meson nodes. The auto-scaling mechanism will bring a very fast and good user experience.

About Meson Network

Meson Network is committed in creating an efficient bandwidth marketplace on Web3, using blockchain protocol model to replace the traditional labor based sales models, consolidating and monetizing idle bandwidth from long-tail users with low cost. Meson is the foundation of data transmission for decentralized storage, computation and the emerging Web3 dapp ecosystem.

Website: https://meson.network/
Blog：https://blog.meson.network/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NetworkMeson
Telegram: https://t.me/mesonnetwork
Medium: https://medium.com/meson-network

Explore Data Center Carbon Credit Protocol(DCCC)

Meson Network — Wed, 15 Dec 2021 03:38:07 +0000

From Meson Network

Abstract

As the digital economy advances, data centers have become necessities, the core infrastructure that makes modern-day living possible. Per Moore’s Law, large data centers are known to consume more energy as data transmission increases. However, at the same time, the world is threatened by climate change, and data centers are accelerating the deterioration of our environment.

Through careful investigation of peer review journals and efforts to control global warming worldwide, the MESON team hereby proposed Data Center Carbon Credit(DCCC) as a medium to support data center carbon trading. The MESON network can better utilize the stock of idle resources and coordinate bandwidth resources across borders, regions, and projects through token incentives. It also encourages the construction of mega data centers. Meson is an effective platform that empowers global data centers to meet the development of modern technology and the needs of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Carbon emissions and IDC background

How important is the data center in the digital economy

The data center can be considered the “brain” of the Internet. Their role is to process, store, and communicate the data behind the countless information services we rely on every day, whether it’s streaming video, email, social media, online collaboration, or scientific computing. Digital services are the main reason for the increase in energy use. The demand for digital services has been steadily increasing, followed by the development of its infrastructure. As infrastructure increases, so makes the energy demand.

How Much Energy Do Data Centers Really Use?

Data centers use an estimated 200 terawatt hours (TWh) each year. That is more than the national energy consumption of countries such as Iran, half of the global transportation electricity consumption, and 1% of global electricity demand. All in all, data centers contribute around to 0.3% of global carbon emissions.

Information and Communication Technology(ICT)’s carbon footprint is on a par with the aviation industry’s emissions from fuel.

One of the most worrying models predicts that electricity use by ICT would exceed 20% of the global electricity consumption by the time a child born today reaches her teens, with data centers using more than one-third of that.

Servers will be major end-use and most of which will all be integrated into hyperscale data center.

Many energy consumption reports have been published in the past few years. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that workloads and internet traffic would double in 2021, yet data centers’ energy demand will remain flat due to increased efficiency.

However, some reports refuted the claim. Uptime Institute Intelligence believes that there will be strong factors driving data centers’ energy consumption. Some data even contradicts that of IEA.

For example, the IEA reported that worldwide data center energy consumption was 197.8 TWh in 2018, with a slight drop in 2021. But the European Union Resource Efficiency Coordination Action (EURECA) Project said that European data centers consumed 130 TWh last 2017, while Greenpeace estimated that China’s data centers consumed 160 TWh in 2018. This means that both China and Europe alone have consumed 290 TWh which is far higher than the data provided by the IEA.（https://journal.uptimeinstitute.com/data-center-energy-use-goes-up-and-up/)

In the US, data centers have diminishing returns, which may limit the impact of energy savings. For example, at the data center level, best practices such as hot/cold aisle containment, installation of blanking plates and raising set point temperature have already been widely deployed; this can be seen in the substantial drop in power usage effectiveness (PUE) between 2011 and 2014. However, since 2014, PUE has not dropped much. In 2019, a slight increase in the average annual PUE was reported by respondents to a global data center survey. Similarly, with IT hardware, Moore’s law has slowed down. Newer servers are not maintaining the same efficiency improvements seen in the past.

If hardware optimization has been yielding diminishing returns, then optimization in the resource distribution system is the main source of efficiency improvement in the future.

Uptime Institute expects the strong growth in the IT sector to be sustained over the next five years, given the well-understood demand patterns and the existing technologies coming into large-scale adoption.

What drives the increasing energy use of data centers?

In addition to the demand from cloud, colocation, and enterprise data center, 5G is another rising sector that requires large scale infrastructure.

While it will take a few years for 5G to mature and become widespread, it is widely expected that the rollout of 5G will substantially accelerate the data growth, with new types of digital services in domains such as smart cities, IoT, and transportation.

The larger bandwidth compared with 4G will lead to a growing demand for higher resolution content and richer media formats (e.g., virtual reality) starting in 2021.
Social media also contributes to the explosive growth of energy use. Research by Uptime Intelligence shows that every time an image is posted on Instagram by the Portuguese soccer star Cristiano Ronaldo (who at the time of writing had the most followers on the platform), his more than 188 million followers consume over 24 megawatt-hours (MWh) of energy to view it.

Media streaming, which represents the biggest proportion of global internet traffic, has become the energy guzzler of the internet. Streaming a 2.5-hour high definition (HD) movie consumes 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) of energy, but for 4K (Ultra HD) streaming — expected to become more mainstream in 2021 — this will be closer to 3 kWh, a three-fold increase. To utilize the global existing data center bandwidth resource pool to the fullest extent can also minimize the global carbon footprint of data centers. The
most viable way right now is to build more efficient distributed systems for bandwidth resource allocation.

Protocol Design

The Meson Network designs a protocol that accommodates both the demand of the data center and the demand to reduce global carbon emissions.

Data centers generate carbon emissions throughout their lifecycle. During the construction process, data centers consume raw materials (such as steel, cement, etc.), staffing, and the destruction of the natural resources of the local land and vegetation, which can be abstracted into the carbon emissions of building construction and comply with the standards of various countries.

The data center consumes energy in several aspects during operation, ranging from IT equipment, cooling systems, lighting, and other ancillary parts.

The operation of the server needs to be kept within a certain temperature limit due to the constant heat generated from computing. The cooling system is essential because it discharges the heat and ensures the safety of the entire operation. For data center energy efficiency indicators, there is a unified parameter called PUE:

Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
A metric that is often used to describe the efficiency of data centers. It relates the total energy consumption of a data centers to the energy consumption of the IT equipment: PUE=(total data center energy consumption)/(energy consumption of IT equipment)

For the cooling system, there are roughly three mainstream solutions:

Overview of different cooling systems for data centers

Air based cooling systems In these systems, cool air is supplied to the server rooms. The server racks are often arranged in so called ‘cold’ and ‘hot’ aisles, to control the airflow and eliminate mixing of cold and hot air. Due to low heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient, air is not a very good medium to transfer heat, which results in high energy consumption, limitations to how compact the servers can be placed and a relatively low waste heat temperature.

Liquid based cooling systems use a liquid such as water to dissipate heat. This can be done by circulating water in micro channels and exchanging heat in cold plate heat exchangers which are in direct contact with the server components. Water and liquids in general have significantly better heat transfer properties compared to air. Liquid based cooling systems allows for more compact datacenters, reduced energy use for cooling and higher waste heat temperatures.

Two-phase cooling is an emerging form of data center cooling technology. Here, the liquid coolant evaporates in the cold plate heat exchanger and the dissipated energy is stored as latent heat. This allows for even greater heat fluxes, and coolant return temperature and makes systems with even higher computational densities possible.

Focusing on the core energy consumption parameter of PUE, we hope to encourage the world to build, use, and upgrade data centers that are more environmentally friendly, and limit nodes with poor energy structures.

Therefore, the Meson Network proposes a set of Data Center Carbon Credit(DCCC). For data centers that do not meet the PUE index, a certain amount of DCCC needs to be purchased to offset their carbon footprint, while for nodes with better PUE, DCCC can be sold in the secondary market.

The second parameter is the utilization rate. The utilization rates of data centers built around the world vary greatly. For data centers with decent PUE and low utilization rate, idle resources can be connected to resource-sharing markets (such as MESON) to acquire DCCC and additional benefits(Revenue, e.g., Tesla earned around $1.6B through selling the carbon credit) can be obtained by selling DCCC. Data centers with poor PUE need to purchase DCCC from the market or share idle resources to offset the difference in DCCC.

In addition to the two parameters mentioned above, another important parameter is the energy structure supplied to the data center. In the future development of DCCC, the energy structure of the power supply could also become a key parameter.

DCCC Use Case

MESON will become the first market to support the use of DCCC. MESON attempts to solve the problem of idle bandwidth resources by building a bandwidth aggregation and transaction market from the bottom up.

Nodes that meet the PUE standard can contribute resources to the MESON network to obtain a certain amount of DCCC, and nodes that do not meet the PUE standard can contribute resources to the MESON network to obtain the DCCC balance.

DCCC will become an essential parameter of trading resources in MESON. Nodes that fulfill the DCCC standard get priority in the market of resource replacement. Nodes that do not fulfill DCCC standard have limited income and ranking of transactions. We hope to create a platform for the world and hope that this platform can contribute to the sustainability of mankind.

https://www.instagram.com/p/BpPovnsFcO9/

Pay by the demand side or the supply side?

The debate on whether the Supply-side or Demand side should pay carbon emissions has been ongoing. The question such as: should airline companies pay for carbon emissions or passengers? Should the power plant pay for carbon emissions or the electricity user; Should Bitcoin miners pay for the carbon emission or those who use the network? (Bitmex buys carbon credits). We believe that both ends must be responsible. For the demand side, voluntary encouragement is the main focus, and certain mandatory constraints are required for the supply side.

Conclusion

We propose establishing an agreement on carbon emissions trading in the data center dimension, introducing indicators such as PUE, utilization rate, and power supply structure, and using DCCC to make specific measurements. The agreement itself is still in its early stages, and we hope to attract more people with lofty ideals to participate in the discussion and governance of the agreement.

Join the talk:https://github.com/daqnext/DCCC

Reference

The importance of bandwidth in web3.0

Meson Network — Wed, 15 Dec 2021 03:07:16 +0000

1. What is bandwidth?

As shown in the figure below, the global Internet is linked by a backbone of cable networks that connect different countries and continents, some spanning the entire Atlantic or Pacific Ocean.

Satellite communication is another telecommunication method. SpaceX’s star-link project is gradually being constructed and adopted.

Whether it is a submarine optical cable or a satellite communication method, the bandwidth cost of telecommunication remains high due to the limited capacity and constant wear of the physical infrastructure of telecommunication in the physical world.

2. Bandwidth business and CDN

To deal with the gradual decline of the physical infrastructure, operators in various countries are responsible for maintaining and monetizing their local cable infrastructure. To optimize monetization, operators in various countries have adopted similar operating strategies, which is to divide bandwidth usage into

Residential bandwidth
Commercial bandwidth

The main difference between the two is that the residential bandwidth is shared by users. There is no independent public-static-IP. Compared with commercial bandwidth, although residential bandwidth is relatively cheap, it is too unstable to be used to support commercial services. The main buyers of commercial bandwidth come from CDN companies such as Google, Akamai, AWS, Aliyun, and other large Internet companies that will purchase a large amount of bandwidth from local operators and build server rooms to provide CDN services to the outside world. In the end, Internet companies will purchase these CDN services.

Due to the large price asymmetry and time asymmetry between CDN companies, the CDN industry has a lot of idle resources. It is worth noting that the idle bandwidth rate of particularly large CDN vendors sometimes reaches 80%.

3. The massive scale of CDN usage and the outlook for Web3.0

Web2.0 companies that provide video streaming, online games and other stream services spend huge amounts of money on CDN every year, mainly due to the need to distribute a large amount of content to users at a high speed.

From the point of view of Web3.0, the financial transaction data of BTC and ETH was not very large before, but it has been growing at significant speeds. The aggregate of transaction data size of ETH comes to 1–2TB level, which is a small amount of data compared to the traditional Internet. However, with the advent of Web3.0, more user data is being generated, and demand for content and delivery speed from Metaverse and Gamefi is expected to grow exponentially. The volume of Web 3 data is exploding.

4. The principle of Meson Network

Meson Network works through two major components:

Meson Network aggregates idle commercial bandwidth using blockchain to provide CDN services.
Meson Network integrates the supplies of third-party CDN companies through blockchain.

4.1 Aggregate idle commercial bandwidth

Through the use of incentives, Meson Network currently gathers more than 30,000 nodes around the world, with a total bandwidth of about 40Tb/s. On this basis, Meson Network provides low-cost and high-quality CDN services at a global scale.

4.2 Integration of third-party CDN agreements

Meson Network provides a set of standards that can facilitate real-time resource scheduling and transaction settlement for all third-party CDNs around the world. This standard protocol is more like a stable transaction settlement and scheduling resource system for bandwidth resources. This system is somewhat similar to the real-time bidding system (RTB) in the advertising industry in terms of architecture.

As shown in the figure, anyone can integrate and use global third-party CDN resources through Meson’s standard service system and Meson’s bandwidth transaction settlement system. Through MESON, global CDN bandwidth resources can be fully utilized.

Meson Network helps WordPress developers better access to the Web3.0

Meson Network — Fri, 26 Nov 2021 06:36:17 +0000

Meson Network is a Web3.0 bandwidth trading market that uses the blockchain protocol model to integrate idle bandwidth resources and provides the cornerstone of data transmission for Web3.0 infrastructure such as Arweave and IPFS.

As the most popular blog system in the Web2.0 era, WordPress has a huge developer user base, and there are also many enthusiasticses of Web3.0 applications like Arweave and IPFS. Therefore, the WordPress plugin DCDN Engine released by Meson Network helps developers on WordPress quickly experience the DCDN accelerated network from Web3.0.

Link: https://wordpress.org/plugins/dcdn-engine/

Tutorial

Install DCDN Engine

Configure DCDN Engine

DCDN URL: https://coldcdn.com/api/cdn/xxxxxx

Included Directories: wp-content,wp-includes

Exclusions: .php

Test Meson Network

Receive trial fee

Developers can get $118+ worth of Meson Network usage fee by completing the following 6 tasks and submitting the link.

Register on Meson Network and get 5 USD
Write a blog about Meson Network and get 20-100 USD
Add a hyperlink to Meson Network at the bottom of the website to get 30 USD

DCDN by <a rel="license" href="https://meson.network/"> Meson Network </a>

Follow @NetworkMeson on Twitter to get 10 USD
Share Meson Network on Twitter and get 5 USD
Submit a proposal to DCDN Engine through Issues and get 8 USD

Submit Google Form: https://forms.gle/MdY42BSHPNQvTW2n7

Decentralized Infrastructure in Web3

Meson Network — Wed, 03 Nov 2021 11:38:58 +0000

Web3 is approaching, and its concept is rooting in the hearts of the people. Not only do well-known organizations actively participate in Web3 with the hope that they can depend on their first-mover advantages in the Web3 world or the experience accumulated in the traditional Internet to get the first place, but also the public is striving to find a self-contained role in this productivity revolution. Many rigid Web2 mechanisms have been deconstructed and reorganized, and a new life has been created in the world of Web3.

When a brand new world comes to us, people can’t help thinking about where it came from and whether the bottom layer is strong enough to support it to go further. This article takes the bandwidth infrastructure in Web3 as the entry point to explores the brand-new production relationship created by blockchain technology and the future development of Web3 from the perspective of traffic.

🙋Web3 decentralized infrastructure facilitates the redistribution of production materials and the reconstruction of production relations

Web3.0 is open, secure and decentralized, or distributed. The establishment of new production relations has spawned the demand for Decentralized Identities(DCI) to deal with how to distribute the means of production. Decentralized identities use technologies such as blockchain or other distributed ledger (DLT) to allow entities to create and control their own digital identities. As long as the user is willing to disclose, multi-chain and multi-layer with off-chain data can create a complete user background identity to maximize their privileges in the Web3 world. By quickly identifying user profiles and clean on-chain + off-chain data. The encapsulated and filtered on-chain + off-chain historical data is used as an on-chain NFT for the “achievement system” that can be quickly inquired/accessed. There will be many third-party platforms that use blockchain technology to store sensitive personal information of users, and the cost of service provider data management will be passed to the third party. The project no longer worries about data governance and leakage issues, only focusing on serving customers.

In order to establish trust in identities and characteristics in the entire system, the market urgently needs an alternative to a centralized architecture, which no longer relies on a centralized arbiter for identity storage. Still, it satisfies the purpose of open, secure, and decentralized Web3 infrastructure -dCDN and dStorage.

📀 Exploring the development potential of decentralized infrastructure from the battle for Web3 traffic portals

Once the production relations and the distribution of production materials are established in the Web3 world, its supporters will grow at an incredible speed. When Web3 applications worldwide gradually move from having less than one million monthly active users to hundreds of millions of monthly active users, it is believed that the “Web3 portal” that directly faces users will become the following fiercely competitive field. Every project and company will strive to become a winner with integrated, smooth, and fully functional products. The projects and companies mentioned here include Web3-native projects, such as Metamask, Uniswap, Mask Network, etc. The companies have been successful in the Web2 world and hope to make achievements in the Web3 world, such as Facebook.

Web3-native project- Metamask, Mask Network

For those who have experienced Web3 through Metamask, the cross-platform single-sign-on value transfer experience is self-evident. Metamask generates a unique income of US$150,000–200,000 through exchange fees (87.5 basis points) every day.

Mask Network is committed to the creation of a low-threshold entrance from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0, and realizing the all-around expansion of the bottom layer, application layer, and community ecology of Web 3.0. The current features include: send encrypted posts to friends, send and receive cryptocurrencies on social networks, one-click Gitcoin grants donation on Twitter, and decentralized file storage and sharing. Mask Network depends on its functional extensions and decentralized social network philosophy to cut into the attention economy tracks such as NFT and GameFi quickly and orderly, and broaden the imagination of the entire project.

This monetization ability that can be obtained just by occupying user relationships is entirely consistent with the traffic-oriented thinking in the Web2 world. Players in various vertical fields will intervene with each other, and try to merge their features, to provide a wholesome user experience.

Under such a large amount of traffic demand, the surge of users and the cooperation between projects mean that more secure decentralized storage and decentralized high-bandwidth information transmission channels that effectively improve user experience are required.

Enterprises in Web2 use cloud games and VR to bring traffic into Web3

Another possible scenario is that existing Web2 companies with a large user base + pre-investment in customer acquisition costs will cut into the entry side. Facebook has deployed a lot of resources in the metaverse industry, including the VR industry. Facebook hopes to bring Web2 traffic into the world of Web3 through VR.

Although the advent of 5G will turn VR which requires a large-bandwidth, low-latency, and energy-efficient network comes true.
VR video is a standard technology requiring astonishing traffic that runs through the entire metropolitan area network and the access network. The ultimate experience of VR content requires several Gbits of bandwidth from end to end, and this bandwidth extends to the user’s home.

Diagram of primary business bandwidth usage in the network

In addition to bringing more information to VR, another change is that more computing technology will be utilized in the cloud. On the one hand, this change requires the network to provide lower latency and higher bandwidth, especially the uplink bandwidth. On the other hand, the web and cloud must be more coordinated and integrated and become an on-demand “intelligent pipeline” with storage, computing, and information transmission.

In order to cope with the large bandwidth and high volatility demand of the consumer market, relevant projects need to rent a large amount of redundant bandwidth to keep the website running. Even if a single CDN provider fails, the system can simply failover to the next suitable CDN. With redundant CDNs, the load balancer can choose the provider whose geographic location is closest to the incoming request. If users come from all over the world, the effectiveness of redundant CDN will be more prominent.

💥Opportunity for Decentralized CDN

No matter the Web3-native project adapts to the traffic growth of the Web3 production relationship, or the Web2 large-scale Internet company hopes to enter the Web3 world through new technologies and new technologies. The development of traffic portals/consumption projects is accompanied by a surge in users, which will inevitably require many open, secure, and decentralized digital infrastructures to complement it. Everyone has recognized the market value of the decentralized storage/permanent network, but the problem of reading and user experience has not been adequately resolved.

Therefore, application-level projects and decentralized storage projects are in urgent need of a more open, Inclusive, and stable decentralized bandwidth infrastructure solution, which is different from the previously CDN-related project known as Theta, NKN.

While the bandwidth demand is increasing on a daily basis, many projects are equipped with a large amount of redundant bandwidth to cope with the bandwidth tide phenomenon and ensure the stability of the network. Decentralized bandwidth effectively reduces trust-establishment costs through blockchain protocols and efficiently allocates bandwidth resources across regions, industries, and traditional bandwidth service providers. Providing value for both the supply-side and demand-side at the same time, the dCDN marketplace forms a virtuous circle: market bandwidth increase — redundant bandwidth increase — nodes increase — service fee increase — higher node‘s reward — attract more redundant node deployment — provide more bandwidth resources. This can revitalize a large amount of redundant bandwidth through token incentives and provide much cheaper bandwidth services.
More importantly, a large-scale decentralized bandwidth protocol allows the user experience of Web3 applications to catch up with traditional Internet applications while ensuring that it is open, secure, and decentralized, making the concept of Web3 more effective and stronger.

The future is here, and a bottom-up revolution is quietly changing everything.