Forem: oladejo abdullahi

Extraction of Element of a string at odd,even or any pattern position in Python

oladejo abdullahi — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 20:27:10 +0000

Extracting Element in odd position of a String

Here I will show you simple way to extract all element in Odd position of a String.
Example of what we are trying to do here look like below

As you can see the nature of this problem we can easily solve this by using any one of the following method.

Method1 (using for loop)
since we need to be selecting any element in odd position this means we need to extract element in index 0,2,4,6,8.... do not forget that this is equaivalent to 1,3,5,7,9.... that everyone will called odd number since python usually start counting from zero. Now type the following codes

Codes>>

givenString='this is our string'
oddString=''
stringLength=len(givenString)
for i in range(stringLength):
    if(i%2==0):
        oddString+=givenString[i]
print(oddString)

the codes above loop through the given string, check if the element index is even if even then add the element to the odd String. Don't be confuse because we are testing for even in the codes. this is because of the way python works.

MethodII (custom method)
This method is normal method of extracting element in a string or iterable object like list. it is very common although many people don't realize deep usage of it. take a look at the following codes

Codes>>

givenString='this is our string'
oddString=givenString[0::2]
print(oddString)

The codes above is very short and simple. It starts picking element from index 0 then pick the next element by increasing the index by 2.
in another word, 0 written in the above codes specify the start and the index of the first element to be selected : denoted to failure to put number after the first column means to the last index. the seconde column and 2 means with the gap of two.

The same code could be written like below
Codes>>

givenString='this is our string'
oddString=givenString[::2]
print(oddString)

Here we don't specify the start, which means it should start extracting from the first element which is the same thing as typing 0.

Extracting Element in Even position of a String

Now that you have understand how to extract element in odd position of a string to extract element in even position will not be difficult. All you just have to do is to make a slight change. take a look at the example below using first method.

Codes>>

givenString='this is our string'
oddString=''
stringLength=len(givenString)
for i in range(stringLength):
    if(i%2==1):
        evenString+=givenString[i]
print(oddString)

the codes above loop through the given string, check if the element index is odd if odd then add the element to the even String. remember what is odd number for code is even number for human.

Using the second Method we just need to do little adjustment to where we will start the extraction.

Codes>>

givenString='this is our string'
oddString=givenString[1::2]
print(oddString)

I hope you understand how the examples above worked?? if there is anything you don't understand don't hesitate to message me.

Extracting Element in odd position and even position of a List or array

You might want to extract element in odd position of a list or array too. to do that is exactly the same way we did for the string take aloook at the example below
Codes

givenList=[8,4,2,6,7,3,6,9]
oddList=[]
listLength=len(givenList)
for i in range(listLength):
    if(i%2==0):
        oddList.append(givenList[i])
print(oddList)

the above codes can also be written in list comprehension like below

givenList=[8,4,2,6,7,3,6,9]
oddList=[givenList[i] for i in range(len(givenList)) if(i%2==0)]
print(oddList)

both codes above works well and you can easily find the even part by changing the if condition from 0 to 1.

can we use custom method for this too?? ofcourse you can use it infact that is the recomended method. see the example below.

givenList=[8,4,2,6,7,3,6,9]
oddList=[::2]
print(oddList)

How to do Review Sentiment Analysis using Python

oladejo abdullahi — Sat, 28 Dec 2024 21:12:25 +0000

Introduction

Have you ever wonder how big company understand your opinion and emotion on a certain thing have you once ask yourself how do this company read a the review of their million customers. Imagine you are working for a company and you were given a data set comprises of customers reviews. How do you conclude on what their review and sentiments is about if your concern is how to analyse the sentiment of any products or app review then this article is for you. In this article I will take you through the task of T-Shirt Reviews Sentiment Analysis using Python.

What is Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment analysis is about evaluating text for positive or negative views and feelings which can be helpful and rewarding in certain circumstances, such as: reviews, comment or review systems, or when in an industry that expects a certain attitude.

T-Shirt Review Sentiment Analysis

App Reviews Sentiment Analysis means evaluating and understanding the sentiments expressed in customers reviews on a T-Shirt ordered. It involves using data analysis techniques to determine whether the sentiments in these reviews are positive, negative, or neutral.

Steps to follow

Gather a dataset of App or your product reviews.(Here we have Shirts reviews)
Perform Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
label the sentiment data using NLTK tools e.g l Textblob,Stanza,VADER, Pattern or Flair.
Understand the overall distribution of sentiments (positive, negative, neutral) in the dataset.
Explore the relationship between the sentiments and the ratings given.
Analyze the text of the reviews in different sentiment categories.

App Reviews Sentiment Analysis using Python

Now, we are going to follow the step one by one. Here I have a dataset of T-shirt you can download it here.
we will begins by importing the necessary Python libraries and the dataset:

Importing important libraries import pandas as pd

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib as mt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Reading the dataset

dataSet=pd.read_csv("TeePublic_review.csv", encoding="latin-1")

Get the first ten rows

print(dataSet.head())
dataSet.info()

Result>>

RangeIndex: 278100 entries, 0 to 278099
Data columns (total 10 columns):

#	Column	Non-Null Count	Dtype
0	reviewer_id	278099 non-null	float64
1	store_location	278100 non-null	object
2	latitude	278100 non-null	float64
3	longitude	278100 non-null	float64
4	date	278100 non-null	int64
5	month	278100 non-null	int64
6	year	278100 non-null	object
7	title	278088 non-null	object
8	review	247597 non-null	object
9	review-label	278100 non-null	int64

dtypes: float64(3), int64(3), object(4)

Comment: As you can see above the data set comprises of 10 variables, where the title and Review looks similar and the review-label is specifying Rating. Now let us clean the dataset.

check for empty and null cell

dataSet.isnull().sum()

Result

reviewer_id           1
store_location        0
latitude              0
longitude             0
date                  0
month                 0
year                  0
title                12
review            30503
review-label          0
dtype: int64

Remove empty or null cell

dataSet=dataSet.dropna()

Comment: Ofcourse there are some empty cells under title column and review that is why we need to remove those from the data by using drop() method.

Get the description statistics of the data

print(dataSet.describe())

Result

reviewer_id       latitude      longitude           date  \
count  247587.000000  247587.000000  247587.000000  247587.000000   
mean   138902.686849      37.210091     -88.254362    2020.890281   
std     80076.904234      10.204186      36.903583       1.386106   
min         0.000000     -40.900557    -172.104629    2018.000000   
25%     69330.500000      37.090240     -95.712891    2020.000000   
50%    139217.000000      37.090240     -95.712891    2021.000000   
75%    207521.500000      37.090240     -95.712891    2022.000000   
max    278098.000000      64.963051     174.885971    2023.000000   

               month   review-label  
count  247587.000000  247587.000000  
mean        7.221966       4.379612  
std         3.682415       1.197636  
min         1.000000       1.000000  
25%         4.000000       4.000000  
50%         7.000000       5.000000  
75%        11.000000       5.000000  
max        12.000000       5.000000

2. Performing Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)¶

Plotting graph showing the distribution of Rating

# Plotting the distribution of ratings
sns.set(style="whitegrid")
plt.figure(figsize=(9, 5))
sns.countplot(data=dataSet, x='review-label',color='#7a4499')
plt.title('Distribution of Ratings')
plt.xlabel('Rating')
plt.ylabel('Count')
plt.show()

Comment
In General It can be stated that the T-shirt Rating is impressive as almost all the Rating is five. So, let us have a look at the distribution of Rating by year.

# Plotting the distribution of ratings
sns.set(style="whitegrid")
plt.figure(figsize=(9, 5))
sns.countplot(data=dataSet, x='date',hue='review-label')
plt.title('Distribution of Ratings')
plt.xlabel('Rating')
plt.ylabel('Count')
plt.show()

Comments:

looking at the visual we see that the rating distribution each year looks the same. Now let us check for the length of Review. Perhaps we might see something interesting about it, we will do that by just adding Review length column to our dataSet then visualize it.

Distribution of length of Reviews Lengths

# Calculating the length of each review
dataSet['Review Length'] = dataSet['review'].apply(str).apply(len)
# Plotting the distribution of review lengths
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
plt.subplot(1,2,1)
sns.histplot(dataSet['Review Length'],kde=True)
plt.xlabel('Length of Review')
plt.ylabel('Count')

plt.subplot(1,2,2)
sns.boxplot(dataSet['Review Length'])
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.7)
plt.ylabel('Review Length')
plt.suptitle('Distribution of Review Lengths') 
plt.show()

Understand the overall distribution of sentiments (positive, negative, neutral) in the dataset.¶ Creating function that evaluate the Sentiment

from textblob import TextBlob
def sentiment_Evaluation(review):
    # Analyzing the sentiment of the review
    sentiment = TextBlob(review).sentiment
    # Classifying based on polarity
    if sentiment.polarity > 0.1:
        return 'Positive'
    elif sentiment.polarity < -0.1:
        return 'Negative'
    else:
        return 'Neutral'

Add sentiments Column to the dataSet

dataSet['Sentiments']=dataSet['review'].apply(sentiment_Evaluation)

Creating Chart showing the distribution of the Sentiment

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
sns.countplot(data=dataSet, x='Sentiments')
plt.title('Sentiment Distribution Across Ratings')
plt.xlabel('Sentiments')
plt.ylabel('Count')
plt.show()

Distribution of Sentiment By Year

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
sns.countplot(data=dataSet, x='date', hue='Sentiments')
plt.title('Sentiment Distribution Across Ratings')
plt.xlabel('Sentiments')
plt.ylabel('Count')
plt.show()

Comment: As we can see above most of the reviews have positive sentiment. Now let us see distribution across the rating may be hre is relationship.

Exploring the relationship between the sentiments and the ratings¶

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
sns.countplot(data=dataSet, x='review-label', hue='Sentiments')
plt.title('Sentiment Distribution Across Ratings')
plt.xlabel('Rating')
plt.ylabel('Count')
plt.legend(title='Sentiment')
plt.show()

Comment; there seems to be relationship between the rating and the sentiment. Yes the proportion of positive sentiment increase as the rating increase while the proportion decrease as the rating increase. Now let us analyse the text review using word cloud

Analyze the text of the reviews in different sentiment categories.

from wordcloud import WordCloud
# Function to generate word cloud for each sentiment
def generate_word_cloud(sentiment):
 SelectedOne=dataSet[dataSet['Sentiments']==sentiment]
 text = ' '.join(str(review) for review in SelectedOne['review'])
 wordcloud = WordCloud(width=800, height=400).generate(text)
 plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
 plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
 plt.title('Word Cloud for '+ sentiment+ ' Reviews')
 plt.axis('off')
 plt.show()

calling the function for each of the sentiment

generate_word_cloud('Negative')
generate_word_cloud('Positive')
generate_word_cloud('Neutral')

Comment: As you can see the word cloud above already summarized the text in the review for us. I hope you find this work helpful, drop your comment below for me.

if you have any question don't hesitate to ask. chat me up on WhatsApp or Mail. Don't forget to follow me on Twitter so that you don't miss any of my articles.

Hexadecimal Code Generator using React(Beginner)

oladejo abdullahi — Fri, 02 Feb 2024 00:27:12 +0000

Introduction
Setting React Environment
Writing React directly into HTML without environment
Writing Hexadecimal app codes
- Header Component
- Div Component
- AllDiv Component
- HexadecimalGenerator Component
- Button Component
- Creating Button Component

Introduction

One of the problem developer encounter while developing a website is how to get colors that suit our design. well, you probably could have learn many color names however most of the time the you may still not get the preferable color, that is why hexadecimal exist. Hexadecimal color code gives you thousands of color but it will be hard to be certain of how each color code will look like. Hence, it will be nice if we can build a app that will generate us random codes with result. Here we can easily pick the color will like.

Getting Started

To get Started You should have good knowledge of the following

HTML
CSS
JavaScript
React() Just like listed above you don't have to know much about React before you could able to do this app.

Setting up the Environment

Before writing any code you need to install react and node Js. I believed you should already have that as a learner of React. So Here I will be using node to run our app.
if you don't have it install kindly click on this link to download and install it.

Creating React App

Now that the node has been in stall let us set up a React Environment on our computer so that we can learn and test React.

To create a react app we will be using create-react-app command.

What is create-react-app?
The create-react-app is an officially supported way to create React applications.
If you have NPM and Node.js installed, you can create a React application by first installing the create-react-app. let's see how to do that with command.

Install create-react-app by running the following command in your terminal:

C:\Users\Your Name>npm install -g create-react-app

You are now ready to create your first React application!

Run the following command to create a React application named HexadecimalCode:

C:\Users\Your Name>npx create-react-app HexadeciimalCode

Explanation on the command
The create-react-app will set up everything you need to run a React application.
the second command (npx create-react-app projectName) create React application that you want to work on. Note: HexadecimalCode could be exchange with any name. we used HexadecimalCode here because that is the name of our app. so feel free to use any project name
Note: This tutorial uses create-react-app to demonstrate React examples. You will not be able to run the same examples on your computer if you do not install the create-react-app environment.

Running the React Application

If you followed the two commands above, you are ready to run your Hexadecimal React application!

Run the following command to move to the Hexadecimal directory and excute the app:

C:\Users\Your Name>cd myfirstreact
C:\Users\Your Name\myfirstreact>npm start

A new browser window will pop up with your newly created React App! If not, open your browser and type localhost:3000 in the address bar.
Now we can start writing the codes.

Writing React directly to HTML file

Many students often asked me 'Is there no way to write react without using this node and setting up all this and that environment that is data and time consuming?'
my answer is 'of course there is.'. yeah there is a way to write it without setting up or installing all this necessary thing all you just have to do is to connect with WiFi any time you want to run such a file.

The quickest way start learning React is to write React directly in your HTML files.
Start by including three scripts, the first two let you write React code in your JavaScripts, and the third, Babel, allows you to write JSX syntax and ES6 in older browsers.

Example

open an html file and type the following code to see.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <script src="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://unpkg.com/babel-standalone@6.15.0/babel.min.js"></script>
  <body>

    <div id="mydiv"></div>

    <script type="text/babel">
      class Hello extends React.Component {
        render() {
          return <h1>Hello World!</h1>
        }
      }

      ReactDOM.render(<Hello />, document.getElementById('mydiv'))
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Result>>

as you can see above the first three script replaced the necessary thing to be installed. now you can choose which ever one you want to use for this app.

Writing Codes For Hexadecimal App

Our App will be made up of three components listed below

Header
Hexadecimal Codes
Button

Creating Header Component

Header: this contains the header of the page we can write little description of our app here I believed this is not the first time you have heard this.
So let's write the codes for that now.

Now Open your index.js that is inside src directory delete everything there and start typing the following codes step by step.

Step1: import the necessary things.
src/index.js

import React from 'react'
import React-DOM from 'react-dom'

we just import react library into our script now let's tart writing our own codes.
Step2: create Header Component
add the following codes in index.js to create Header component

Header Component>>

/*creating the header components and styling it.*/
const Header=function(props){
  const headerStyle={
              color:'white',
              padding:'5px 0px 3px 18px',
              margin:'0px'}

  return (
  <div style={headerStyle}>
    <h2 style={{textAlign:'center'}}>30Days Of React Project</h2>
    <h3>{props.title}</h3>
      {props.info}
  </div>
  )
}

Explanation

The above codes create functional Header Component. If you study the codes it is very similar to creating function in javascript where props is the fuction argument or parameters.
headerStyle: this is a variabel that holds the style we wish to give the header component. this is just like writing CSS in html only that you have to put each value assigned to properties in string format. Also some properties like
font-size,padding-left,max-width etc have to be written in camelCase i.e fontSize,paddingLeft,maxWidth etc.
inside the Function we returned the JSX element, add style to the div element. we also add style to h2 element. the style in h2 element here is inline hence we need to write the bracket two times.
Note: variable are called in JSX codes by writing it in bracket. this was used for headerStyle, props.title and props.info.
Looking at the way we used props in should have known that props will be an object that has info and title as its properties.
Note: props should be used all the time and your component name should be written in capital letter. if you are using CDN link all your codes must be written inside the last script tags.

Executing the Header Component.

Don't be surprise that the codes changes nothing on browser, that is because we have never called the component remember the component is just a function. we need to call a function before it can be executed. Now execute it by adding the following codes.

Header Execution Code>>

const headerInfo=(<p>The following shows different Hexadecimal 
    codes and their respective color result.
    copy the best color codes for your web. <br/>
    <b>Note:</b> it generate different codes on reload</p>)

const headerTitle='Day1: Hexadecimal color Generator'

 ReactDOM.render(<Header title={headerTitle} info={headerInfo}/>
, document.getElementById('root'));

Explanation:
In the codes above we create two variables headerInfo and headerTitle they hold the info and title of the header part.if you like you can write anything you like there.
We also executed the component by using ReactDOM.render() function, the function take two parameter

Component: the component we want to execute which is Header
DOM root: this is where to dump the whole component. a 'div' has been created in index.html that has the id. so we are referring to it.

Result>>

Now reload the browser and see what you have gotten. Did you see what we have??
Try to re-edit it if you would like to add more content to it.
For now the picture below shows what we just did.

Now let's add the style needed for body.
Navigate to the current working directory. go back to the parent folder and select public. inside public folder you will see index.html. add the following codes to it.

public/index.html

 body{background: #00afff;
     border:7px solid #33af;
     margin:0;
   }

after adding it your page should look like below

Result>>

Creating the ColorGenerator Component

Here we are going to create Color generator Component. But we need to understand the nature of what we want to do. The task is to generate different color codes and display their color in each box this means we will need to create many 'div' element of each div contain one color-code and the background of the div is equivaent to the code. Hence we will divide this compoment into three segment

Div Component: this component hold an hexadecimal color code and has the background to be that hexadecimal codes. Note: this is generated at random.

Creating Div Component.

Type the following codes to create Div component that hold just a color code.
Note: delete the last line codes of index.js before you type the following codes

/*creating the color Div functional components and styling it.*/
const Div=()=>{
/*generating the Hexadecimal color codes using array*/
const digit='1234567890abcdef'
 const colorCode=[1,2,3,4,5,6].reduce((prev,curr)=>
prev+=digit[Math.floor(Math.random()*digit.length)],'#')
/*creating a style of the div that will has the color codes generated as background*/
const divStyle={background:colorCode,
        border:'white solid 2px',
        color:'white',
        margin:'1px',
        maxWidth:'90px',
        display:'inline-block',
        textAlign:'center'}

/*creating the div element that has background and text to be the color codes*/
return (<div style={divStyle} className='container'>
            <h2 style={{fontSize:'18px'}}>{colorCode}</h2>
          </div>)
}

Explanation
The codes above is going to generate random color-code and make it as the background of div create while the colorCode is also written as text in h2 tags.
Now let let's create a component that will generate N-numbers of that by looping it.

Creating Alldiv Component

/*creating the functional components that create as many div color as we wish and styling it.*/

const Alldiv=({number})=>{
  let divList=Array(number).fill(0)
    const allDivElement=divList.map((div,key)=><Div key={key}/>)
    return (<div>
             <h3>Hexadecimal Codes</h3>
            {allDivElement}
         </div>)
}

Explanation
The codes above Create a component that takes number as parameter, it should be noted that the number is written in a bracket. in this kind of case we are not using props hence number is treated like a variable. We created divList this contains array of zeroes. we loop through this using list method map() function and return div element with random color-code as text and background. Recall we already created a component name Div before.
Note: whenever you are creating many elements of the same kind like that it is important to provide key. each key have to be a unique one so that React will not see it as duplicating the same element.
Note: the way we created the component is not differ from the previous except that we used arrow function here. you could have do the same thing for others too if you don't like typing function all the time.

Executing AllDiv Component.

Now just like we did for Header the other time let us execute Alldiv Component to see if it works well, For now the Header is not going to work. Your whole codes should like below.

import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
/*creating the header components and styling it.*/
const Header=function(props){
  const headerStyle={
        color:'white',
        padding:'5px 0px 3px 18px',
        margin:'0px'}

  return (
  <div style={headerStyle}>
    <h2 style={{textAlign:'center',background:'#5454aa'}}>30Days Of React Project</h2>
    <h3>{props.title}</h3>
      {props.info}
  </div>
  )
}


const headerInfo=(<p>The following shows different Hexadecimal 
    codes and their respective color result.
    copy the best color codes for your web. <br/>
    <b>Note:</b> it generate different codes on reload</p>)

const headerTitle='Day1: Hexadecimal color Generator'


/*creating the color Div functional components and styling it.*/
const Div=()=>{
/*generating the Hexadecimal color codes using array*/
const digit='1234567890abcdef'
const colorCode=[1,2,3,4,5,6].reduce((prev,curr)=>
prev+=digit[Math.floor(Math.random()*digit.length)],'#')

/*creating a style of the div that will has the color codes generated as background*/
const divStyle={background:colorCode,
        border:'white solid 2px',
        color:'white',
        margin:'1px',
        maxWidth:'90px',
        display:'inline-block',
        textAlign:'center'}

/*creating the div element that has background and text to be the color codes*/
return (<div style={divStyle} className='container'>
            <h2 style={{fontSize:'18px'}}>{colorCode}</h2>
          </div>)
}


/*creating the functional components that create as many div color as we wish and styling it.*/

const Alldiv=({number})=>{
  let divList=Array(number).fill(0)
    const allDivElement=divList.map((div,key)=><Div key={key}/>)
    return (<div>
             <h3>Hexadecimal Codes</h3>
            {allDivElement}
         </div>)
}
ReactDOM.render(<AllDiv number={100}/>, document.getElementById('root'));

Result>>

As you can see above we only render All div Component and not Header anymore. But we need both Header and Alldiv to be render on our page. so how do we do that?? it is very easy we just need to create another component that will return both while both of them will be in a parent element div. so delete the last line of previous code add the following codes.


const Hexadecimal=()=>(<div>
                        <Header title={headerTitle} info={headerInfo}/>
                        <Alldiv number={200}/>
                      </div>)
ReactDOM.render(<Hexadecimal/>, document.getElementById('root'));

Result>>

In the above codes we marge Header and AllDiv components to create Hexadecimal Component. then we render Hexadecimal component using render method.

Creating Button Component

Now we are almost done with our app. For now anytime you reload the browser you get different random color codes. but How about creating a button that will be generating new random one instead of reloading the page?? That will be cool right?? Alright let's create a Button Component that will do that By editing the Hexadecimal component codes.

Codes


const Button=(props)=>{ 
         const buttonStyle={
            background:'#0588b0' ,
            color:'white',
            padding:'11px',
            pointer:'corsor',
            margin:'9px',
            borderRadius:'14px',
            border:'solid 3px #8ec0ff'}
         return (<div style={{textAlign:'center'}}>
                     <button style={buttonStyle}
                             onClick={()=>document.location.reload()}>
                       Generate New Colors</button>
                 </div>)

       }


const Hexadecimal=()=>(<div style={{borderRadius:'15px',margin:'10px'}}>
                        <Header title={headerTitle} info={headerInfo}/>
                        <Alldiv number={200}/>
                        <Button/>
                      </div>)

ReactDOM.render(<AllDiv number={100}/>, document.getElementById('root'));

Result>>

in the codes above we created Button Component with its style written in it. we also add clicking event to it such that the document will reload whenever the button has been clicked.
We also add Button component to our Hexadecimal component so that it comprises of three components.

Wooow! we are done with the App. The following show the whole codes and the result.

Codes>>

import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
/*creating the header components and styling it.*/
const Header=function(props){
  const headerStyle={
        background:'#0588b0',
        color:'white',
        padding:'5px 0px 3px 18px',
        margin:'0px'}

  return (
  <div style={headerStyle}>
    <h2 style={{textAlign:'center',
                }}>
      30Days Of React Project</h2>
    <h3>{props.title}</h3>
      {props.info}
  </div>
  )
}


const headerInfo=(<p>The following shows different Hexadecimal 
    codes and their respective color result.
    copy the best color codes for your web. <br/>
    <b>Note:</b> it generate different codes on reload</p>)

const headerTitle='Day1: Hexadecimal color Generator'


/*creating the color Div functional components and styling it.*/
const Div=()=>{
/*generating the Hexadecimal color codes using array*/
const digit='1234567890abcdef'
const colorCode=[1,2,3,4,5,6].reduce((prev,curr)=>
prev+=digit[Math.floor(Math.random()*digit.length)],'#')

/*creating a style of the div that will has the color codes generated as background*/
const divStyle={background:colorCode,
        border:'white solid 2px',
        color:'white',
        margin:'1px',
        maxWidth:'90px',
        display:'inline-block',
        textAlign:'center'}

/*creating the div element that has background and text to be the color codes*/
return (<div style={divStyle} className='container'>
            <h2 style={{fontSize:'18px'}}>{colorCode}</h2>
          </div>)
}


/*creating the functional components that create as many div color as we wish and styling it.*/

const Alldiv=({number})=>{
  let divList=Array(number).fill(0)
    const allDivElement=divList.map((div,key)=><Div key={key}/>)
    return (<div style={{textAlign:'center',
                         background:'white'}}>
             <h3>Hexadecimal Codes</h3>
            {allDivElement}
         </div>)
}


/* Creating Button component it is going to generate button*/
const Button=(props)=>{ 
         const buttonStyle={
            background:'#0588b0' ,
            color:'white',
            padding:'11px',
            pointer:'corsor',
            margin:'9px',
            borderRadius:'14px',
            border:'solid 3px #8ec0ff'}
         return (<div style={{textAlign:'center'}}>
                     <button style={buttonStyle}
                             onClick={()=>document.location.reload()}>
                       Generate New Colors</button>
                 </div>)

       }


/*creating the Hexadecimal component that marge all the necessary components*/
const Hexadecimal=()=>(<div style={{borderRadius:'15px',margin:'10px'}}>
                        <Header title={headerTitle} info={headerInfo}/>
                        <Alldiv number={200}/>
                        <Button/>
                      </div>)

ReactDOM.render(<Hexadecimal/>, document.getElementById('root'));

How to host a web-page on GitHub

oladejo abdullahi — Thu, 09 Jun 2022 00:07:40 +0000

How to host your html project on GitHub.
sometimes it is always annoying as a beginner trying to host your codes free and share it to the world to view your handwork. there is a free host platform called Heroku it gives you chance to upload file up to some gigabytes. However it is not easy to set up for beginners. So here i will be showing you another way of hosting your codes free using github. it is very easy and common. let's quikly have a look at the steps to take.

Firstly, before you did anything you have to create github account if you don't have one you can click here
to see steps to take to create one for yourself.

Now that you already have account I believed you should be able to create repository yourself. so follow the following step to host your codes.

Step 1: Create a repository

You have to create your repository as you probably have known that the repository is like a folder where you will need to upload all the files contained all your codes.
To create repository. login to your account, click on the rightmost topnav drop-down beside your profile avatar or image as you can see below:

Note: if you are using phone to do this then set your browser to desktop size.

on clicking that you will see five options, so click on New repository so that bring you some input box to fill.
fill the repository name with a name you will like for your project. if the name was marked available then you are good to go otherwise otherwise rewrite it in another way. Here I will be creating school logo so your work should look like the following

as you can see above my repository name is available. make sure yours also has been marked. Now stroll down and click on create repository button.
Now you should be seeing something like below

We just create a repository!

Step 2: creating and uploading files

Note the two things circled on the above picture. you should click on creating a new file if it happened that you just want to start writing the codes but I will never recommend that I believe you already have the file. Hence you should click on uploading an existing file.
after clicking uploading an existing file then you have two options you can either drag your files in to it or just click on choose your file.
wait till the file uploaded. Now stroll down and click on commit button. we just upload a file just like that.
if you need to add more file just click on Add file button and follow the previous procedures.

Note: your html file should be named index.html or one of your html files. in another word to host your codes there should be homepage which will be named index.html. so the file you will like to show to everyone when you are done should be named index.html therefore you should rename it before you upload your codes if it's not index.html.

step3: setting page

firstly click on your name to go back to home page. now click on repositories between Overview and projects. this should show you all your repository if you have some before or just the one we just created. Now click on the one you just created you should be seeing something like below

click on setting as you can see at the shaded portion. scroll down and look at you left hand navigation and select pages.
on clicking Pages you should see something like the following:

as you can see above click on the shaded portion None and select Main so that the box change from none to main. Now click save. as the page load finished you should see a link at the right side. copy the link and start sharing it that is your page. enjoy!
if you have any question don't hesitate to ask. chat me up on WhatsApp or Mail. Don't forget to follow me on Twitter so that you don't miss any of my articles.

Data type in python

oladejo abdullahi — Thu, 02 Sep 2021 17:54:07 +0000

Variables

Variables are containers for storing data values.
Python has no command for declaring a variable. the moment you assign a value to any word or letter, variable is created.

Example1

x = 6
name = "Maxwizard"
age="25years"
phone="07045225718"

So in example1 above x,name,age and phone are variable name. and can be called anytime to refers to the value they stored.
i.e whenever you called 'x' you are actually mean 6. while "phone" always means "07045225718".
Variables do not need to be declared with any particular type,
and can even change type after they have been set. let assume
we need to call them we will use print() function. Note that
print() is one of the function to display your output when you write codes.

Example2

write the following code and run it.
codes>>

x = 6
y=9
name = "Maxwizard"
age="25years"
phone="07045225718"
print(name)
print(phone)
print(x+y)

Result>>

Maxwizard
07045225718
15

can you see the result, we just ask the interpreter to print name,phone and x+y. and it printed what they stored.

How to Declare Variable Name
🔥 **Variable Names
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume).

Rules for R variables:
🔥 A variable name must start with a letter
🔥 A variable name cannot start with a number
🔥 A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
🔥 Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables)

Variables

variable can be categorize into different categories base on the type of data they stored. they are:

Built-in Data Types
In programming, data type is an important concept.
Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.
the following data types are built-in by default, in these categories:

Text Type: str
Numeric Types: int, float, complex
Set Types: set, frozenset
Boolean Type: bool
Binary Types: bytes, byte-array, memory view
Sequence Types: list, tuple, range
Mapping Type: dict

💥 1. Character/String: they are non-number that is they are always alphabetic word or alpha-numeric or symbols.
Examples: "a", "everyone",'of' "u2CanCode","*$%#@^!"

let us see example using codes
Codes

noun="Tolani "
verb='is '
preposition="in "
place='abuja'
print(verb)
print(noun + verb + preposition+place)
print("I can print a sentence without assigning it to a value directly as string")

Result>>

is 
Tolani is in abuja
I can print a sentence without assigning it to a value directly as string

💥 2. floats
– These are the decimal numbers default type when dealing with numbers.
Examples: 3.531, 1.0, 42.5, 4/9

💥 3. Integers: these are the counting number which must be whole number.
– Examples: 1, 2, 42

💥 4. Complex: they are the imaginary number where their j represent the square root of -1
– Example: 4 + 2j , 5 - 5j
Let see some codes solving complex number problem.
simplify the following.

4+5i/4-5i
4i^5i
(4+3i)^2/6i
(5+8i)^(3-i) Codes>>

x=(4+5j)/(4-5j)
print(x)
y=4i**5i
print(y)
z=(4+3i)**2/6i
print(z)
k=(5+8i)**(3-1i)
print(k)

Result>>

(-0.21951219512195122+0.9756097560975611j)
(0.0003094443893170943+0.000234405412606401j)
(4-1.1666666666666667j)
(1622.3902605503722+1644.8518784941748j)

💥 5.** Boolean: **
– Two possible values: TRUE and FALSE
– You can also use T and F, but this is not recommended.
– NA is also considered logical.

💥 6. **List: **these are used to store multiple items in a single variable.they are created using square brackets "[]":

Examples:

name=["maxwizard","sesan",'Timothy','Wareez']
age=[12,14,18,20,23]
💥 7. **Tuple: **these are used to store multiple items in a single variable. they are created using round bracket. and they are usullay ordered and unchangeable.

Example

Code>>

class=("jss1","jss2","jss3","ss1","ss2","ss3"}
school=('oxford',"uni-Ibadan")
print(class)
print(school)

Result>>

"jss1","jss2","jss3","ss1","ss2","ss3"
oxford',"uni-Ibadan"

💥 8. Set: these are used to store multiple items in a single
A set is a collection which is both unordered and un-indexed.
Sets are written with curly brackets "{}".

Example:

class_in_secondary={"jss1","jss2","jss3","ss1","ss2","ss3"}
school={'oxford',"uni-Ibad"}
print(school)

Result>>

"jss1","jss2","jss3","ss1","ss2","ss3"

💥 9. Dictionaries :they are used to store data values in key:value pairs.
A dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and does not allow duplicates.
Dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and have keys and values:

Example

** Codes>>**

biodata={"name": "Oladejo Abdullahi",
        "sex":"male",
        "status": "single",
        "school": "university of Ibadan",
        "Age":25,
        }
print(biodata)
print(biodata["school"])
print(biodata["status"])

Result>>

{'name': 'Oladejo Abdullahi', 'sex': 'male', 'status': 'single', 'school': 'university of Ibadan', 'Age': 25}
University of Ibadan
single

study the codes and the results above. the keys are : sex,status,school and age. while their values are what you see after column.
so the wholecodes is like saying
"name": "Oladejo Abdullahi" means name=Oladejo
"sex":"male" means sex=male
"status": "single" means status = single
"school": "university of Ibadan" means school = university
"Age":25 means age=25
the only different is that you have to join it with biodata.
Above are the most important data type that we used in python.
we shall do fully discussion on each one of them in the next lesson. I hope you find this helpful?? consider to share and like you can also comment below if you have addition or question. chat me up on 09153036869. or on Facebook you can also follow me instagram or twitter for update.

send mail to friend using javascript

oladejo abdullahi — Tue, 02 Feb 2021 02:31:13 +0000

How to send mail using javascript

So is there anything python can do that we can't do with our JavaScript? in the past lesson we did how to login to our email using python. that is interesting for all pythonista but all fans of JavaScript see this boring and many ask can't " we send mail using JavaScript?" my answer is "why not?" Yeah we can login to our email and send our friend message. let's quickly see how it goes.

What is SMTP?

SMTP is a protocol used to send a specific type of data i.e email to the destined server followed by the recipient. these type of data are usualy need secure connections and user credentials, so it is not wise enough sending mail through a browser though if you have your own SMTP then you may proceed.

What do I need before I can send mail using JavaScript?

Your Editor (Visual Code,Sublime, Notepad,CLI editors etc)
Browser(chrome or Firefox)
SMTP Configuration ( for server details and authentication of credential).

How to Configure SMTP

Before you can send mail with smtp you have to make sure that you have properly configured the below settings:
- You need to allow less secure app access in Gmail for less security: To use Gmail SMTP you will go to setting and allow less secure app from google account or click here. turning the setting off will allow your codes to connect to Gmail.
- DIssabled 2-step factor authentication : since you want to connect to gmail with your program, so you need to disabled 2 step factor authentication in case you you manage your gmail security so much and if you don't then you don't need to. Once the above settings is done, then you are good to go.

Some Important credential needed.

Host-name i.e smtp.gmail.com
SMTP Username i.e Your Gmail address
SMTP Password i.e your gmail password
SMTP Port i.e 587 Now let's start writing the code to send mail. step 1: open your editor and save it as gmailmsg.html Step2: Download the smtp.js or include https://smtpjs.com/v3/smtp.js in your script tag like the following:

gamilmsg.html

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 
<head> 
<title>Send Mail with js</title> 
<script src= "https://smtpjs.com/v3/smtp.js"> </script> 
 </head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Step3: Add some html code to the body so that you provide place for user to input sender email address and password,reciever email address and the messages. like the following:

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 
<head> 
<title>Send Mail to friend with js</title> 
<script src="https://smtpjs.com/v3/smtp.js"> </script> 
 </head>
<body>
<form method="post" name="Form">
<input type="Email" name="sender" placeholder="sender@gmail.com"><br>
<input type="Password" name="pswd" placeholder="Password here"><br>
<input type="Email" name="reciever" placeholder="Reciever@gmail.com"><br>
<input type="text" name="Message" placeholder="Your message here" id="Message"><br>
<input type="button" value="SendMessag">
</form>
</body>
</html>

step4: Add some css to it to look good a little if you like or add this little code

body{margin: 20px;}
input{border:solid red;
    height: 4vh;
    border-radius: 25px 25px 25px 25px;
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 10px;}
form{border:solid 7px blue;
    width: 50%;
    height: 50%;
    padding: 1%;
    text-align: center;
    background: #234a3a;
    }
    #Message{
    width: 30vw;
    height: 20vh;
    word-break: break-all;
    }

Now if you use the css above you will have below image on your browser.

if you have that then let's add a javascript function that will do all the work so you open a script tags and write the following codes :

function sendMail() {
    var sender=Form.sender.value
    var pswd=Form.pswd.value
    var reciever=Form.reciever.value
    var mesg=Form.Message.value;
    alert(reciever) 
    Email.send({ 
    Host: "smtp.gmail.com", 
    Username: sender, 
    Password:pswd, 
    To: reciever, 
    From: sender, 
    Subject: "Sending Email using javascript",
    Body: mesg, 
    }).then(function (message) { 
    alert("mail sent successfully") 
    }); 
    }

Now let's call the javascript function in our input button so that whenever the user click sendMail the function will be called. so we have this:

<input type="button" value="SendMessage" onclick ="sendMail()">
so the entire codes look like

Now you can check your program again the entire codes look like below:

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 
<head> 
<title>Send Mail</title> 
<script src= "https://smtpjs.com/v3/smtp.js"> </script> 
<style type="text/css">
body{margin: 20px;}
input{border:solid red;
    height: 4vh;
    border-radius: 25px 25px 25px 25px;
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 10px;}
form{border:solid 7px blue;
    width: 50%;
    height: 50%;
    padding: 1%;
    text-align: center;
    background: #234a3a;
    }
    #Message{
    width: 30vw;
    height: 20vh;
    word-break: break-all;
    }
</style>
 </head>
<body>
<form method="post" name="Form">
<input type="Email" name="sender" placeholder="sender@gmail.com"><br>
<input type="Password" name="pswd" placeholder="Password here"><br>
<input type="Email" name="reciever" placeholder="Reciever@gmail.com"><br>
<input type="text" name="Message" placeholder="Your message here" id="Message"><br>
<input type="button" value="SendMessage" onclick ="sendMail()">
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
function sendMail() {
    var sender=Form.sender.value
    var pswd=Form.pswd.value
    var reciever=Form.reciever.value
    var mesg=Form.Message.value;
    alert(reciever) 
    Email.send({ 
    Host: "smtp.gmail.com", 
    Username: sender, 
    Password:pswd, 
    To: reciever, 
    From: sender, 
    Subject: "Sending Email using javascript",
    Body: mesg, 
    }).then(function (message) { 
    alert("mail sent successfully") 
    }); 
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

Now run the code, input your gmail and password, reciever e-mail and the message then click SendMessage.
does it work? yeah! that is how easy it is please consider to follow me so that you don't means any other class.

if you have any question don't hesitate to ask. chat me up on WhatsApp or Mail. Don't forget to follow me on Twitter so that you don't miss any of my articles.

how to write in to csv file in python

oladejo abdullahi — Sun, 24 Jan 2021 01:19:53 +0000

how to write in to CSV file.

to write in to csv file is very easy with the help of
csv.writer class. The class returns a writer object that is responsible for convertion of the user’s data into a delimited string.

As I have said earlier we will need to make use of csv.writer() objects.
csv.writer(csvfile): the csvfile will be the argument in csv.writer(). Also the csv.writer class take two method for writing to CSV. They are as follow:
writerow(): to write just a row, most of the times we use it to write the heading or first row of the csv. the formula will be like:
writerow(firstrow)

writerows(): This method is used to write multiple rows at a time. This can be used to write rows list. the pattern of this look like:
writerows(rows)

Example:

# program for writing to CSV   
import csv  

# the heading row  
#the first row data 
header = ['S/N','PUNCHING (#)','PAY OUT','REMBLC.']
#the data rows of the csv file under the header.
rows=[[1,50100,49500,150500],
[2,100000,98600,51900],
[3,2100,2000,49900],
[4,10000,9800,40100],
[5,10200,10000,30100]]


# name of csv file you want to write into 
filename = "Pos.csv"
# writing to csv file  
with open(filename, 'w') as csvfile:  
    # creating a csv writer object   
    myCsvwriter = csv.writer(csvfile)  
    # write the header data 
    myCsvwriter.writerow(header)  
    # writing the data rows  
    myCsvwriter.writerows(rows) 
   # all data written.

you can search for the filename(Pos.csv) and open it to see the result.

Result

study the code well, some of our datas a43 in quote while some are not it is a simple logic. you quote any of your datas happen to be a string while numbers are written without quotation. the method use above is a list method. each row arrange in a list and use to form another list as you can see above and that is how easy it is.
But what if our data we wish to write in to csv is in dictionary method? well, it is not a problem We can also write dictionary to the CSV file. To do this we need the CSV module provides the csv.DictWriter class. This class returns a writer object that is going to map through the dictionaries onto output rows.
the csv.DictWriter look like below
csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames)

The csv.DictWriter provides two methods for writing to CSV. They are:

writeheader(): this method writes the first row of your csv file using the pre-specified fieldnames i.e header or the name you give to it.
writeows(): this method writes all the rows but in each row, it writes only the value not with the dictionary key.
let's queickly take a look at some examples.
Example:

# import the csv module  
import csv  
# my data rows as dictionary objects  
mydict =[{'name':'Abdullahi','Age':'23years','profession':'teaching','Sex':'Male'},
{'name':'praise','Age':'44years','profession':'engineer','Sex':'Female'},
{'name':'John','Age':'34years','profession':'developer','Sex':'Male'},
{'name':'Usroh','Age':'16years','profession':'software developer','Sex':'Female'}]  

# the header should be filled with the keys
header = ['name', 'Age', 'profession', 'Sex']  

# name of csv file  
filename = "Biodata.csv"

# writing to csv file  
with open(filename, 'w') as csvfile:

    # creating a csv dict writer object  
    myWriter = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames = header)  

    # writing headers (field names)  
    myWriter.writeheader()  

    # writing data rows  
    myWriter.writerows(mydict)  
    #evey thing written.

search for the filename(Biodata.csv) and open it you should see the following result.
Result

Now comment below how if you find this article helpful. consider to follow me so that you don't miss the next lesson. keep learning code.

if you have any question don't hesitate to ask. chat me up on WhatsApp or Mail. Don't forget to follow me on Twitter so that you don't miss any of my articles.

How to read csv file in python.

oladejo abdullahi — Wed, 20 Jan 2021 00:33:51 +0000

Reading csv file

so how do we open and read csv file in python. before we proceed in to that i would advise you to read how to open and read file if you are new here so that you can understand better. so let's go into the lesson.

What is CSV ?

CSV means Comma Separated Values.it is the commonest import and export format for spreadsheets and databases which are always used as exchange of data between applications and popular data format in Data Science.
A CSV file stores data in a tabular form i.e each data field is separated by a delimiter(comma in most cases). for all csv file, it must be saved with the .csv file extension.

how to open CSV file.

To open csv file nothing diffferent from the way you open text file you can click here if you had no experience on how to open or read file before. So we open CSV file using open() function so we can set the mode to 'r' so that the file we open will be ready for reading or not even bother as open() is in 'r' mode at default.

Example

let say we have a csv file named payroll.csv looking like the following.
Payroll.csv

so the file above can be open for reading with the following code.

csvFile=open('payroll.csv','r')

another way to open the file is using open the file with the with keyword like the following.

with open('payroll.csv','r') as csvFile

the code above do the same thing as the previous one and it is even the better as you don't need to close file the file when you are done.

how to Reading from CSV file

After open the csv for for reading, Before we read the csv file we need to import a python module called csv for the handling of CSV files and the reader class from the module for reading data from a CSV file.

Example

import csv
csvFile= open('payroll.csv', 'r') # opening the CSV file 
the_file=csvFile.reader(file) # reading the CSV file  
for rows in the_file:
    print(rows)# displaying the contents of the CSV file

Output:

['EMPL Number', 'EMPL Name', 'Hourly Rate', 'Hours Worked', 'Gross Pay', 'S.S Tax', 'Net Pay']
['E00001', 'Ford', '7.5', '35', '262.5', '15.75', '4134.375']
['E00002', 'Mino', '8', '30', '240', '14.4', '3456']
['E00003', 'Bell', '6.5', '25', '162.5', '9.75', '1584.375']
['E00004', 'Davis', '9', '40', '360', '21.6', '7776']
['E00005', 'Turro', '10', '39', '390', '23.4', '9126']

another way of writing the code is :

import csv     
# opening the CSV file  
with open('payroll.csv', 'r') as csvfile:  

  # reading the CSV file  
 the_file = csv.reader(file)  

  # displaying the contents of the CSV file  
  for rows in the_file:  
        print(rows)

Output:

['EMPL Number', 'EMPL Name', 'Hourly Rate', 'Hours Worked', 'Gross Pay', 'S.S Tax', 'Net Pay']
['E00001', 'Ford', '7.5', '35', '262.5', '15.75', '4134.375']
['E00002', 'Mino', '8', '30', '240', '14.4', '3456']
['E00003', 'Bell', '6.5', '25', '162.5', '9.75', '1584.375']
['E00004', 'Davis', '9', '40', '360', '21.6', '7776']
['E00005', 'Turro', '10', '39', '390', '23.4', '9126']

we just read the csv file. did you find it interesting? consider to follow me so that you don't miss the next lesson. keep on coding it is fun.

write to file python

oladejo abdullahi — Tue, 19 Jan 2021 00:34:08 +0000

How to write in to a file using python.

To write to an existing file, you must add any of the parameter below to the open() function.
"a" - Append - will append to the end of the file

"w" - Write - will overwrite any existing content
so both 'a' and 'w' work the same way only that 'w' will overwrite the whole page. let's take a look at some examples.

Example

let's say I have a text file name 'myself.txt' with the following content.

myself.txt

This is Oladejo Abdullahi.
he loves writing codes.
his best language is python.

Now let's us open the file and write more content in to it. so we write the following code in test.py

test.py

# we wll open the file "myself.txt" and append content to the file:
myselfFile = open("myself.txt", "a") #this open the file for writing additional content
myselfFile.write("his nickname is Maxwizard!")#this write to the file
myselfFile.close()#the file closed

with the above code we have add more content to myself.txt, you can open the file (myself.txt) to check the content inside and you will see there is additional sentence. And if we like we can read the file and print it out to see the content with the following codes:

# to open and read the file after the appending:
myselfFile = open("myself.txt", "r") # this is in reading mode
print(myselfFIle.read())

Result

This is Oladejo Abdullahi.
he loves writing codes.
his best language is python.
his nickname is Maxwizard

Yeah the result above shows that more content had been written into the file. Now let's try to write in to the file using 'w' mode
using the same file ('myself.txt'). But remember that the file contain four line now so let's try the following code.

Example

# to open the file "myself.txt" and overwrite the content:

file = open("myself.txt", "w")
file.write("hell my bad! I have deleted the content! because I used 'w'")
file.close()

you can now open the file again and see that the content has totally changed. if you don't want to then use the following codes to open file and print to know the content of the file.

#open and read the file after the overwriting:
file = open("myself.txt", "r") # set to read mode to read the file
print(file.read()) #print out all the content

Result

hell my bad! I have deleted the content! because I used 'w'

Did you see the result ? yeah the whole contents has been changed. so avoid using 'w' if you don't want to delete the content in your file.
Notice we are dealing with existing text file in our codes, what if we don't want have the file mentioned or is not found in the directory what is going to happen? can we even create a new file with code? Yeah, keep reading.

How to Create a New File

To create a new file in Python, use the open() method, with one of the following parameters:

"x" -(Create )- will create a file, returns an error if the file exist.
"a" - (Append) - will create a file if the specified file does not exist
"w" - Write - will create a file if the specified file does not exist. Now let's write a code to create a newFile.txt. just copy the same code below:

Example

#Create a file called "newFile.txt":

myNewFile= open("newFile.txt", "x")

run the code above and search 'newFile.txt' in your directory and you will see that the file (newFile.txt). Although it is just empty file.
did you seee it?
Now let's run the code again what is the result? Umh? Yeah! it raised error but why? it is because the file has been created before so if you try to create it again it will raise error.

Example

#reate a new file if it does not exist using 'w':
newFile2 = open("newFile2.txt", "w")

the code above will create newFile2.txt and we can write in it if will wish to do so. run the code many times it will not raise any error even though the file has been created in the first runnning.

How to delete file

To delete a file, you must import the OS module, and run its os.remove() function: let's see how it goes with the

Example

# Remove the file "newFile.txt":
import os
os.remove("newFile.txt")

the code above will deleted the file named 'newFile.txt' but what if the file doesn't even exist what did you think would happpened? Umh? yeah it will raise error! Now that we have know that if the file doesn't exist we get error so how can we control that ? well we can decide to check if the file exist first.
How to check if File exist:
To avoid getting an error, you might want to check if the file exists before you try to delete it using the if statement with os.path.exist() like the following example.

Example

#Check if file exists, then delete it:

import os
if os.path.exists("newfile3.txt"): # check if the newfile3.txt exist in the directory
  os.remove("newfile3.txt") #delete it if found
else: #if it doesn't exist 
  print("The file does not exist")

this code above will delete the file if it exist and won't raise error it doesn't exist, it would rather print the file does not exist.
So what if we want to delete many files? I mean a folder it self well, it is just a simple logic to do that just keep on reading.

How to delete Folder

To delete an entire folder, just use the os.rmdir() method like the followng

Example

#Remove the folder "myfolder":

import os
os.rmdir("yourFolderName") # change 'yourFolderName' to name of a folder that exist on your computer

don't use the folder that contain important file to text the above codes. But what if the folder specified doesn't exist what would happen? Yeah, it will raise error too. so, to avoid that we can use if like the following.

import os
#Check if file exists, then delete it:
if os.path.exists("New Folder"): # check if the newfile3.txt exist in the directory
  os.rmdir("New Folder") #delete it if found
else: #if it doesn't exist 
  print("The file does not exist")

the code above will not raise error even if the folder name specified is not found. I hope you found this article helpful, consider to follow me and comment below if you have any question or correction. see you in the next lesson where we will be dealing with how to write into csv.

how to read a file in python

oladejo abdullahi — Mon, 18 Jan 2021 02:26:43 +0000

How to open and read file using python.

Some time we want to open another file with our python so as to get some data which my be needed in our codes. But before we move in to that

What is file?

Before we explain how to handle files in Python, it’s important to understand what exactly a file is and how operating systems handle them.

In a simple words, a file is a contiguous set of bytes used to store data. This data is organized in a specific format and can be anything as simple as a text file or as complicated as a program executable. In the end, these byte files are then translated into binary 1 and 0 for easier processing by the computer.

Files are usually composed of three main parts:

Header: this is the metadata about the contents of the file (file name, )size, type, and so on)
Data: contents of the file or everything written by the creator of the file
End of file (EOF): special character that indicates the end of the file (e.g html,css,py,csv etc.). Now that we have understand what File is let's quickly go into the topic.

How to Open and Close File in Python

When you want to work with a file, the first thing to do is to open it.The key function for working with files in Python is the open() function.

The open() function: this is one of python built in functios that takes two parameters; filename, and mode. it is used to open a file for use in python.

There are four different methods (modes) for opening a file:

"r" - Read -It is the Default value for open function mode.it Opens a specified file for reading and raise error if the file does not exist.

"a" - Append - it is used to open a file for appending i.e it is use to add more content to the file. it creates the file if it does not exist.

"w" - Write - it is use to open a file for writing, creates the file if it does not exist. Note: this mode will deleted all the content in the file before writing and start a new content if the file exist.

"x" - Create - Creates the specified file, returns an error if the file exists

In addition you can specify if the file should be handled as binary or text mode by the addition of the following to the mode

"t" - Text - Default value. Text mode

"b" - Binary - Binary mode (e.g. images)
Reading from files
Suppose we have a text file called example1.txt whose contents are shown below, and we want to open the file for reading and print what is in it.
example1.txt>>

Hi everyone.
This is a text file.
let's use it in python.
Bye!

Our code will be :

Example1

example1file=open('example1.txt') #Notice we don't need to write the mode as it is read at default

with the code above we just open a file for reading we can read it now and use the content in it.
what if we need to write into the file how will it look like ? well just do the same thing and specify the mode

Example2

example1file=open('example2.txt','w') # we just creat and open a new file for writing as example2 is not existing before.

the example above will open a new file for you you don't even need to have example2.txt in your folder but immediately you write the code above the file will be created although its content will be empty for now as we have not written anything yet. You can check it in your folder to confirm it.
what if we had written example1.txt instead? well since i already have it in my folder before it will still be there but the content I showed in the beginging will be wiped off so I would have empty content in my example1.txt you too can check with any of your existing file that is not important to you.
let's see anothere example of special moded. let say we need to open image with the name myimage.png How dow we do with that? well it is simple we just add the binary mode to its mode.

Example3

example1file=open('myimage.png','rb') # the 'r' is for reading while the b is to specify that it is birnary not text.

let's see last example on this with html file.
let say we have an html file name mylist.html containing the following content.
html>>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>list</title>
</head>
<body>
<ol>
<li>this is number one on the list</li>
<li>this is the second number on the list</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

Now let's try to open it with the following code

Example4

myHtml_file=open('mylist.html','a') # ready to append or accept additional content.

Example5

### Example2
myJson_file = open('your_json_file.json')# Your file must be in the same directory /folder of this your python file.

Example6

myCsv_file = open('your_csv_file.csv')# Your file must be in the same directory /folder of this your python file.

Example7

myExcel_file = open('your_Excel_file.xlsx')# Your file must be in the same directory /folder of this your python file.

so, I believe you have understand how to open any file either text,html,csv,xlsx,python or png etc. just use the same way and you are done. Also here you should able to specify the mode depending on what you are willing to do.

How to close file when done with the content.

When you’re manipulating a file, there are two ways to close a file these are:

Try-finally block Method: This method is involve error handling you use 'try' to write all the codes to manipulate your data then finally will be the place to close the file. this method will automatically close the file even when encountering an error. Your code pattern look like below:

    file = open('myText_file.txt')
    try:
    # Further file processing goes here
    finally:
    file.close()

If you’re unfamiliar with what the try-finally block you can just remove the `try` and `finally` or just use second method.

Statement Method:

with open('myText_file.txt') as myText_file: #this is the same thing as 
# myText_file=open('myText_file.txt')
    # Further file processing goes here

In this second method there is no need of close() to be use again. when you code for manipulation is done the file is close automatically.

read file in python

You already learn how to open file specific purpose, in which one of them is read. so let's see how we can read file and print them out in python.
To read file there are two method which can be use they are:

list comprehension :this method is used to load the file line-by-line into as it is written in the file.
Using list comprehension we will have the content of the text file on our python as list with respect to the line in the text file.

Example1

AllContent = [line.strip() for line in open('example1.txt')]
print(AllContent)

Result>>

['Hi everyone.','This is a text file.','let's use it in python,Bye!]

Example2.

example1File=open('examp1.txt')
AllContent=[] #list of all content line by line
for line in example1File: # read each of the line
    AllContent.append(line)
print(AllContent)
example1File.close()

Result>>

['Hi everyone.\n', 'This is a text file.\n', "let's use it in python.\n", 'Bye!']

Example3.

example1File=open('example1.txt')
for line in example1File: # read each of the line
    print(line)
example1File.close()

Result>>

Hi everyone.

This is a text file.

let's use it in python.

Bye!

The three example above shows how list could be use to read file. example1 and example2 are very similar only that one will printed the newline(\n) with it while the other don't. the third example is a direct way of reading and printing file in python.
Note also the that the string method strip in example1 is used to remove any whitespace characters(\nd) from the beginning and end of a string. If we had not used it, each line would contain a newline character at the end of the line just like in example2. the same thing for example2 if we had written append(line.strip()) instead of append(line) then we won't have the new line character printed.
Now let's take a look at the second method

string Load: This method loads the entire file into a string and can be easily printed. let take a look at some examples.

Examples1:

example1File= open('example1.txt').read()
print(example1File)

Result>>

Hi everyone.
This is a text file.
let's use it in python.
Bye!

Example2

mylistFile = open('mylist.html').read()
print(mylistFile)

Result>>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>list</title>
</head>
<body>
<ol>
<li>this is number one on the list</li>
<li>this is the second number on the list</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

all examples that we had been doing they are all in the same folder or directory as our python file but what if the file we want to open is in different directory? well just specify the directory and your code will be like.

homeFile = open(r'C:\Users\alfa\youngscience\hello.txt').read()
print(homeFile)

Hello world!
how are you doing with your programming?
I hope you are getting it?

the same method used in the last example can work for others too. Note the r before the directory always write it so that your programs don't raise error.
I hope you learn something consider to follow so that you don't miss the next lesson. By God's grace in the next lesson we shall be dealing with how to write and append into a file. see you in the next lesson.

chat on whatsApp using python

oladejo abdullahi — Fri, 01 Jan 2021 02:17:29 +0000

How to send message to your friend on whatsapp using python.

if you had read some of my articles you would have learn how to send message on facebook Using python. won't you wish to use python to message on whatsapp too? and who doesn't want to do that? well there is a simple way just like that of facebook.
without wasting much of time let's go in to the lesson.

Firstly we need to install some libraries below :

selenium
webDriver_manager for chrome or geckodriver for firefox.

If you already have the two libraries mention don't bother.
After installation of the two libraries above then we can start writing the code.
If you had read my articles on how to message friends on facebook then just go straight
to the codes and copy otherwise read the following analysis.
Before we move to the code let me give you analysis on some function we are going to use in the program.

Some other requirements for the task

We need the selenium here to navigate to everywhere on the browser.
we will need the name of the friend or group that we want to send the message to just like it was stored on our phone contact.
your phone to scan the whatsapp on the browser.

How will you scan with your phone

It might be a little difficult to scan with your phone when you have a whatsapp web loaded on your browser if you had not been using your laptop to do whatsapp chat before so these are the step to take below.

go to web.whatsapp.com on your browser(in this case you don't need to go to this web site as your program as done that for you), you will see something like this below.
Now go to your whatsapp on your phone.
click on the three dots at the right top of your screen.
click on 'WhatsApp Web' and you will see something like 'SCAN QR CODE' trying to scan something
Now set it to what you have on your laptop (like you want to camera) so that it scan your laptop
Your laptop should display your whatsapp now. ### Some functions needed
find_element_by_xpath() : A function provided by selenium module to find the element with css selector.
send_keys() : A function provided by selenium module also to write data or text into the box we use
webdriver.Chrome(): A function that will open new window of chrome
get() : A function we will used to open up the Facebook website
quit(): A function to close the browser when we are done.
sleep() : A function to delay the running of the script for some seconds.
input() and str : these are python function to prompt and convert to string respectively. you must have accustomed to these before.

Necessary modules to be import and important data

In our we ned to import the following from their lib.

webdriver from selenium.
sleep from time
ChromeDriverManager from webdriver_manager.chrome
Options from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options
Keys from selenium.webdriver.common.keys Also you will need to provide your friend name and message.

HERE IS THE CODE

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())
# to chromedriver in your computer
message=str(input('enter your message')) # to get the message
driver.get("https://web.whatsapp.com/") #to open the whatsapp
sleep(39)
# here we need to scan with our phone
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span[@title="Your friendName"][@dir="auto"]').click()# change that 'Your friendName to your own friend Name as it is written on your phone contact.

driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@dir="ltr"][@data-tab="6"][@spellcheck="true"]').send_keys(message, Keys.ENTER)
quit()

wait for some minutes an see your message being sent. Did you find it interesting? that is just part of the power of Selenium.
the beautiful part of this is that you can write long text, repeating message Using loop.
and do different funny part. let's check the following codes.

Example

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())

# to chromedriver in your computer
message=str(input('enter your message')) # to get the message
driver.get("https://web.whatsapp.com/") #to open the whatsapp
sleep(39)
# here we need to scan with our phone
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span[@title="frndName"][@dir="auto"]').click()#your friend name to substitute that frndName
for msg in mess:
    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@dir="ltr"][@data-tab="6"][@spellcheck="true"]').send_keys(msg, Keys.ENTER)
quit()
# This is where I entered the the message and Did click Enter

Did you see how the message look like ? it send the message one by one character. try to write for loop for the message and manipulate your message the way you want, you can even sent blank message if you want.
enjoy coding!

I hope you learn something from this article??
if you have any question don't hesitate to ask. chat me up on WhatsApp or Mail. Don't forget to follow me on Twitter so that you don't miss any of my articles. see you in the next lesson where we will be discussing instagram login with python. remember to like and comment below.

Chatting on Facebook Using Python

oladejo abdullahi — Wed, 30 Dec 2020 23:48:21 +0000

How to send message to FB friend using Python.

In one of my articles I discussed how to login to facebook using python with the only help of selenium and Chromedriver.
Today, we will see how to send message to any of our Facebook friend using Python with the power of a library called selenium.
Should you have not read my previous article I will recommend you to read it here. Otherwise let's go into the lesson.

firstly we need to install some libraries below :

selenium
webDriver_manager for chrome or geckodriver for firefox.

if you already have the two libraries above then you are good to go.
After installation of the two libraries above then we can start the code.
But before we move to the code let me try to explain some function we are going to use in the program.

Some other requirements for the task

We need the selenium here to login to Facebook by providing email and password
we will need the id of the freind or group that we want to send the message to.
the text to be send as message.

How will you get your friend or group Id Number

It might be a little difficult to get your friend facebook Id, calm down it is very simple take the following step

go to www.facebook.com on your laptop and login to your facebook account.
click see more at the leftside of the middle of your screen.
Now stroll down and click message/messenger icon by the left and click on the friend you want to chat with.
Now check the url of you browser you will see 15 digits with splash ending it, that is your friend Id number. like the following: so the 15 digits with splash will be input when you were ask to input your friend id e.g 100016740546536/.

Some functions needed

find_element_by_id() : A function provided by selenium module to find the element with the help of their id.
find_element_by_name() : A function provided by selenium module to find the element with the help of their name.
driver.find_element_by_xpath() : A function provided by selenium module to find the element with their css selector.
send_keys() : A function provided by selenium module also to write data or text into the box we use
webdriver.Chrome(): A function that will open new window of chrome
get() : A function we will used to open up the Facebook website
quit(): A function to close the browser when we are done.
sleep() : A function to delay the running of the script for some seconds.

Necessary modules to be import and important data

In our code we need to import the following from their lib.

webdriver from selenium
sleep from time
ChromeDriverManager from webdriver_manager.chrome
Options from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options

Also you will need to provide your username and password.

HERE IS THE CODE

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
usernam=str(input('Enter your username: '))
password=str(input('Enter your Password: '))
frndId = str(input('Enter your friend or Group Id: '))
message = str(input('Enter your text message here: '))
#this is where i open a new window
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())
#this is where i open facebook
driver.get ('https://www.facebook.com/')
# this is where i start entering my username and password.
driver.find_element_by_id("email").send_keys(usernam)
driver.find_element_by_id('pass').send_keys(password)
driver.find_element_by_name("login").click() # I click login button
# login process done I am now on facebook
sleep(1)
# i start navigating to message and click on the friend i wanna messsage
mesgAdd='https://www.facebook.com/messages/t/'
mesgLink=mesgAdd+frndId
driver.get(mesgLink)
sleep (1)
#This is Where I clicked the Send Message '
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="_1mf _1mj"]').send_keys(message, Keys.ENTER)

# This is where I entered the keys and Did Enter
'''
this is how it should look like

Enter your username abdahi.oladejo.10
Enter your Password 9ad3e22
Enter your friend or Group Id100016740336536/
Enter your text message here how are you doing
'''

wait for some minutes and see your message being sent. Did you like it ? well that is not all. the amazing part of it is that you can manipulate your message anyway you like.
for example, let say we want to send the same message to a friend 50 times then we can multiply the message by 50 or we write a for loop for the message.

Example

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
usernam=str(input('Enter your username: '))
password=str(input('Enter your Password: '))
frndId = str(input('Enter your friend or Group Id: '))
message = str(input('Enter your text message here: '))
#this is where i open a new window
driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())
#this is where i open facebook
driver.get ('https://www.facebook.com/')
# this is where i start entering my username and password.
driver.find_element_by_id("email").send_keys(usernam)
driver.find_element_by_id('pass').send_keys(password)
driver.find_element_by_name("login").click() # I click login button
# login process done I am now on facebook
sleep(1)
# i start navigating to message and click on the friend i wanna messsage
mesgAdd='https://www.facebook.com/messages/t/'
mesgLink=mesgAdd+frndId
driver.get(mesgLink)
sleep (1)
#This is Where I clicked the Send Message '
msg=message*50
  driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="_1mf _1mj"]').send_keys(msg, Keys.ENTER)
'''
you can use this for loop to do another fun
for msg in message:
    driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="_1mf _1mj"]').send_keys(msg, Keys.ENTER)
# This is where I entered the keys and Did Enter
'''
#this is how it should look like

'''Enter your username abdahi.oladejo.10
Enter your Password 9ad3e22
Enter your friend or Group Id100016740336536/
Enter your text message here how are you doing
'''

did you see the message ? try to write for loop for the message and manipulate your message the way you want.
enjoy coding!

I hope you learn something from this article??
if you have any question don't hesitate to ask. chat me up on WhatsApp or Mail. Don't forget to follow me on Twitter so that you don't miss any of my articles.see you in the next lesson where we will be discussing whatsapp chat with python. remember to like and comment below.

Forem: oladejo abdullahi

Extraction of Element of a string at odd,even or any pattern position in Python

Extracting Element in odd position of a String

Extracting Element in Even position of a String

Extracting Element in odd position and even position of a List or array

How to do Review Sentiment Analysis using Python

Introduction

What is Sentiment Analysis

T-Shirt Review Sentiment Analysis

Steps to follow

App Reviews Sentiment Analysis using Python

Importing important libraries import pandas as pd

Reading the dataset

Get the first ten rows

2. Performing Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)¶

Hexadecimal Code Generator using React(Beginner)

Table of Contents

Introduction

Getting Started

Setting up the Environment

Creating React App

Running the React Application

Writing React directly to HTML file

Example

Writing Codes For Hexadecimal App

Creating Header Component

Explanation

Executing the Header Component.

Creating the ColorGenerator Component

Creating Div Component.

Creating Alldiv Component

Executing AllDiv Component.

Creating Button Component

How to host a web-page on GitHub

Step 1: Create a repository

Step 2: creating and uploading files

step3: setting page

Data type in python

Variables

Example1

Example2

Variables

Examples:

Example

Example:

Example

send mail to friend using javascript

How to send mail using javascript

What is SMTP?

What do I need before I can send mail using JavaScript?

How to Configure SMTP

Some Important credential needed.

gamilmsg.html

how to write in to csv file in python

how to write in to CSV file.

How to read csv file in python.

Reading csv file

What is CSV ?

how to open CSV file.

Example

how to Reading from CSV file

Example

write to file python

How to write in to a file using python.

Example

myself.txt

test.py

Result

Example

Result

How to Create a New File

Example

Example

How to delete file

Example

Example

How to delete Folder

Example

how to read a file in python

How to open and read file using python.