Forem: Sai kumar Satapathy

Elastic Block Storage (EBS Volume)

Sai kumar Satapathy — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 18:58:26 +0000

An Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Volume hosts virtual data in segments. It's like a storage disk with the ability to contain various sizes of data.
These virtual storage devices usually replicate within one AWS region to increase their availability.

EBS volume are the storage that only can be mounted on EC2 instance and that can be attached to the particular availability zone.
A EBS volume can attach to 16 instance and provide higher availability.
An AWS account has a limit to 20 EBS volume. And an instance can have attach to 20 EBS volume but it is recommended to use 10 EBS to a single instance.

Volume Type

Solid State Drive(SSD) volumes
Hard disk Drive (HDD) volumes
Standard volume or previous generation Volumes

Solid State Drive(SSD) Volume

SSD backed are optimised and good for frequent input output.

SSD Volume types includes:

General Purpose SSD and
Provisioned IOPS SSD

General Purpose ssd

These are balanced priced and used for balanced performance

Types of General Purpose SSD volumes:

General Purpose SSD (gp3) volumes —latest generation General Purpose SSD volume
General Purpose SSD (gp2) volumes

A tebibyte (TiB) and gibibytes (GiB) is a unit of measure used to describe computing capacity For details

Provisional IOPS SSD

Provisioned IOPS SSD volumes are backed by solid-state drives (SSDs). They are the highest performance Amazon EBS storage volumes designed for critical, intensive workloads that require low latency.

Types of Provisioned IOPS SSD volumes:

Provisioned IOPS SSD (io2) volumes
Provisioned IOPS SSD (io2) Block Express volumes
Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1) volumes

Hard disk drive (HDD) volumes

HDD-backed volumes are optimized for large streaming workloads where the dominant performance attribute is throughput.
HDD volume types include

Throughput Optimized HDD and
Cold HDD.

Standard volume or previous generation Volumes

Magnetic (standard) volumes are previous generation volumes that are backed by magnetic drives.

SUMMARY

For More Detail Explanation

AutoScalling and Load Balancers

Sai kumar Satapathy — Sun, 31 Jul 2022 18:46:22 +0000

Load Balancers

Generally when the load on the server increases and the server get request beyond its capacity then we see server down.
For example earlier when we go to the bank most of the time we see there is the server down, this happens because the server gets much more requests there its capacity.

To solve this problem aws provided a solution of Load Balancer.

Load Balancers is a device that acts as a reverse proxy and distribution of network or application traffic across no of servers.
It helps to increase the capacity and reliability of the application.
It helps to distribute the traffic equally among the servers.
It uses Round Robin algorithms.

Benefits of Load Balancer

Scalable
Redundancy
Flexibility
Efficiency

Autoscalling

It is an AWS computing service that automatically scales up or scales down compute resources as per their actual usage.
It ensures the availability of ec2 instances to handle the load of an application.
It can create and terminate an ec2 instance when required.

Scale-out

this is a process of launching an ec2 instance via launch configuration or instance template as per your policy

Scale-in

this is the process of terminating an ec2 instance as per your policy made.

VPC(Virtual Private Cloud)

Sai kumar Satapathy — Sat, 16 Jul 2022 06:12:00 +0000

A VPC is a virtual network dedicated to your AWS account. It is logically isolated from other virtual networks.

Types of VPC

Default VPC
- It is created by AWS when the account is created
- All the advanced features are provided.
Custom VPC
It is created explicitly with the required features like subnet, NAT, security groups, Internet gateway, route tables, etc.

IP address

It is a logical numerical label assigned as a unique entity to each device in a network.
It is used to locate the host in the network through the Network ID and Host ID present in the IP address.

IP address had 4 bytes and each byte has 8bit i.e 32 bits(IPv4)

The drawback of IPv4 is limited address space to overcome that we have Ipv6.
The internet is undergoing a gradual transition to IPv6.

There are 3 types of IP address
1. Public IP
2. Private IP
3. Elastic IP
Details of Types of IP Address

CIDR(Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

It helps to reduce the wastage of Ip addresses.
It also helps to determine how larger is the network.

Components of VPC

Internet Gateway(IGT):
- This is used to connect over the Internet.
- IGT helps to communicate over the internet using the target in the routing table
NAT Gateways:
- These are Network Address Translation gateway that helps to connect the private subnet to the internet through a public IP but the internet cannot access the private subnet.
- NAT gateway is created in the pubic subnet and it connects to private through route table.
- Each NAT gateway is created in a specific Availability Zone and implemented with redundancy in that zone.
Route Table: It defines how the traffic is routed between each subnet.
Subnets: These are subnetworks. It is a logical sub-division of a large network.

There are two types of subnets:

Private Subnet:
- Resources are not exposed to the outer world.
- These use only the private IPs.
- These are mainly used for backend purposes like database storage.
Public Subnet:
- Resources are exposed to the internet through the Internet gateway.
- It uses both public and private IP.

AWS S3 Storage(Simple Storage Service)

Sai kumar Satapathy — Fri, 08 Jul 2022 15:21:35 +0000

S3 Storage has a simple web service interface that we can use to store and retrieve any amount of data at any point in time and from anywhere on the web.
This is generally used for backup storage
S3 is an object storage system, there is no root storage available.
We don't require any operating system for S3 storage like EC2 Instance.
S3 buckets are Flat Containers which means we can store files inside a bucket but we can't create another bucket inside a bucket and store the files.
The Maximum Storage of the S3 Bucket is 5TB.
The maximum no of the bucket we can create i.e only 100 S3 buckets.

Feature of S3 Bucket

Durability - It is 99.999999% durable. It maintains its durability by quickly detecting and repairing any lost redundancy.
Flexible - There are various types of S3 storage available and you can easily change from one type to another
Secured- There are various types of policies and encryption available to keep the data secure.
Cost-effective- It is very cheapest of all the storage

These are mostly used.

S3 Versioning

Use of versioning is to multiple versions of an object in one bucket.
Generally, it keeps a copy of the old file over the new file.

Cross Region Replication

Create S3 Bucket-> Go to Management -> Replication Rule -> Create rule.

It enables automatic asynchronous copying of an object across buckets in different AWS regions.
Buckets configured for Cross Region Replication (CRR) can be owned by the same account or different accounts.

S3 Transfer Acceleration

Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration can speed up content transfers to and from Amazon S3 by as much as 50-500% for long-distance transfer of larger objects.
S3 Transfer Acceleration (S3TA) reduces the variability in Internet routing, congestion, and speeds that can affect transfers, and logically shortens the distance to S3 for remote applications

Public IP_ Private IP_ Elastic IP in AWS

Sai kumar Satapathy — Wed, 29 Jun 2022 11:49:34 +0000

Public IP

In this IP, the machine can be recognized over the internet
The IP must be unique IP (no two machines can have the same Public IP).
It is used to communicate between the instance and the internet.
When we launch an instance it automatically gets assigned with a public IP from the public address pool.

Private IP

In this IP, the machine cannot be recognized over the internet, to connect over the internet we need an internet gateway.
It is used within the organizations.
The IP must be unique across the private network.
But two different organizations can have the same private IP.
It is used to communicate between the instances in the same VPC.

Elastic IP

When we stop an EC2 instance and again start it the public IP gets changed.
To fix this public IP issue, we use elastic IP.
Elastic IP keeps an IP associate permanently to the instance public IP.
We can associate only one instance to an elastic IP at a time.
We can associate and di-associate the elastic IP.
We can have only 5 Elastic IPs in an account.

Note: we can increase this by asking AWS to increase with a valid reason

Virtualization _ Virtual Machine_ Hypervisor

Sai kumar Satapathy — Tue, 28 Jun 2022 14:55:11 +0000

Virtualization

It is an advanced software engineering concept that allows creating of virtual servers, storage, and network.
It creates a virtual computer system.
It helps to run more than one operating system in a single system

Need for virtualization

It helps in data transfer, protects from system failure, reduces the cost of operation, and provides security to data.
With the help of virtualization we can run a virtual server at a single physical server.

Virtual Machine

virtual machines are virtual systems which are having their system and application.
virtual machines are the software that runs in a physical system and provides virtual computers inside a physical computer.

Hypervisor

Hypervisor creates and manages virtual machines.
It allocates host resources to each virtual machine.
It provides multiple guest virtual machines to share host resources.

Two types of Hypervisor

Type-1 or Bare- metal Hypervisor
- It runs directly on the hardware
- it is more secure as it is directly installed on the hardware.
- no Operation system layer is involved so it performs better and more efficiently.

Type-2 or Hosted Hypervisor
- It runs on a host operating system.
- It is generally used on student laptops, desktops, etc.

Elastic File System(EFS)

Sai kumar Satapathy — Mon, 27 Jun 2022 17:10:32 +0000

AWS Elastic File System(EFS) is one of the three main storage services.
It is scalable, cloud- based file system.
Using EFS we can use a single storage for multiple servers.
In EFS there is no storage limit.
The amount of storage you use you need to pay for that only.
EFS has two option
- Regional- with this we can mount to any of the zone in the region.In this the data can be shared among all the zone.
- One Zone- with this we can only mount to a particular region, but in this the data is avaliable for only that region.

Advantage of Elastic file System(EFS)

Scalable Performance
Dynamic elasticity
Fully Managed
Cost-effective
Security and compliance

Cloud Computing Deployment Models

Sai kumar Satapathy — Fri, 24 Jun 2022 18:15:46 +0000

The cloud computing deployment models describe

how it is implemented
how it is hosted
who can assess it

Types of Cloud Deployment models

Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
Community Cloud

Public Cloud

It has massive amount of Storage and Storage Resourses
It is also easily scalable
It is recommended for developing cloud based application as it has globally distributed.

Feature:

feasiblity
scalability
accessibility
No Setup cost & maintenance

Advantage: It provide on- demand services
Dis- advantage: Loss of control, Insucure data.

Private Cloud

It is restricted and protected by firewall.
It can be on premise or hosted in a third party's data center.

Advantage: Security and Control- It restricted to accessible valuable resourses.
Dis- advantage: It is expensive and lack quick scalability

Hybrid Cloud

It is the cobination of public and private cloud.
It provide seamless interaction between private and public cloud
This is perfect solution for organisation that need feasibility, cost saving, quick scalabailty feature of public cloud.

Cloud Brusting:

It is an application develpoment technique in which an application runs in a private cloud or data center and brust into a publid clouyd when the demand for cloud computing capacity spikes

Advantage: Best of both cloud nad cost saving.
Dis- advantage: As data is shared between private and public so there may ben potential performance and security risk.

Community Cloud

It is a cloud infrastructure in which multiple organizations share resources and services based on common requirements.
It is owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third party, or a combination of them.

Advantage:

Cost effective,
Security: Community cloud is more secure than the public cloud but less secure than the private cloud.
Sharing infrastructure

Dis- Advantage:

Slow adoption to data
The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared among all community members