Implementation of Hilt in Retrofit

Dev Arena — Thu, 03 Jun 2021 08:15:27 +0000

In this article let's explore how easy to implement the Hilt DI and annotate the Network module to invoke the Countries API.

Components:

Components used in the Project.

Hilt
Coroutine
Retrofit
Gson
ViewBinding
Timber
ConstraintLayout
RecyclerView

API

Rest Countries - Get information about countries via a RESTful API.

Method	URL
GET	https://restcountries.eu/rest/v2/region/europe

Project Structure

Package Structure

Implementation

Follow the steps to implement the Hilt DI.

Add Dependencies

Project Level

Add the hilt-android-gradle-plugin into the classpath of the project level build.gradle.

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = "1.5.20-M1"
    ext.gradle_version = "4.2.1"
    ext.hilt_version = '2.35'
    ext.core_version = '1.5.0'
    ext.appcompat_version = '1.3.0'
    ext.material_version = '1.3.0'
    ext.constraint_version = '2.0.4'
    ext.coroutines_version = '1.5.0'
    ext.lifecycle_version = '2.3.1'
    ext.activity_version = '1.2.3'
    ext.retrofit_version = '2.6.0'
    ext.httplogging_version = '3.12.0'
    ext.json_version = '2.8.6'
    ext.junit_version = '4.13.2'
    ext.extjunit_version = '1.1.2'
    ext.espressocore_version = '3.3.0'
    ext.timber_version = '4.7.1'

    dependencies {
        classpath "com.google.dagger:hilt-android-gradle-plugin:$hilt_version"

    }
}

App Level

Add the dagger.hilt.android.plugin plugin into the app level build.gradle.
Enable the support for Java 8 features by adding compileOptions in the build.gradle.
Add the dagger:hilt-android implementation and dagger:hilt-compiler kapt into the build.gradle.

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'kotlin-android'
    id 'kotlin-kapt'
    id 'kotlin-android-extensions'
    id 'dagger.hilt.android.plugin'
}
android {
  compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
    buildFeatures {
        viewBinding true
    }
}
dependencies {
    //  Kotlin
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:$kotlin_version"

    // Core
    implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:$core_version"
    implementation "androidx.appcompat:appcompat:$appcompat_version"
    implementation "androidx.activity:activity-ktx:$activity_version"

    // UI
    implementation "com.google.android.material:material:$material_version"
    implementation "androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:$constraint_version"

    //  Lifecycle Components
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-ktx:$lifecycle_version"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:$lifecycle_version"

    //  Logging
    implementation "com.jakewharton.timber:timber:$timber_version"

    // Hilt DI
    implementation "com.google.dagger:hilt-android:$hilt_version"
    kapt "com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:$hilt_version"

    //  Coroutines
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$coroutines_version"
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:$coroutines_version"

    //Retrofit
    implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:$retrofit_version"
    implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:$retrofit_version"
    implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:$httplogging_version"
    implementation "com.google.code.gson:gson:$json_version"

    // Test
    testImplementation "junit:junit:$junit_version"
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.ext:junit:$extjunit_version"
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espressocore_version"
}

Manifest

Internet permission(uses-permission) is required for accessing API.
Application class should be referred in the android:name attribute.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:name=".core.HiltApplication"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyHiltApplication">
        <activity android:name=".main.view.MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

Application

Create Application class and annotate with @HiltAndroidApp.

@HiltAndroidApp annotation generates Hilt code for Application class and creates parent container.

@HiltAndroidApp
class HiltApplication : Application()

Activity

Create an Activity and setup the UI & livedata observers. Here, viewbinding is used for inflating the UI. And viewmodel is initialized using the by viewModels() ktx.

@AndroidEntryPoint annotation generates Hilt components for Android classes like Activity, Fragment etc., based on the lifecycle of the respective component.

@AndroidEntryPoint
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBinding
    private val mainViewModel: MainViewModel by viewModels()

    @Inject
    lateinit var countryAdapter: CountryAdapter
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(binding.root)
        setUpUI()
        setUpObservers()
    }
}

Adapter

Create the Adapter class for recyclerview with constructor injection.

@Inject annotation used in constructor, field and method injection where dependency is requested. Field injected cannot be private.

class CountryAdapter @Inject constructor() : RecyclerView.Adapter<CountryAdapter.ViewHolder>() {
    var countries: List<Country> = emptyList()

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder =
        ViewHolder(
            CountryItemBinding.inflate(
                LayoutInflater.from(parent.context),
                parent,
                false
            )
        )

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) =
        holder.bind(countries[position])

    override fun getItemCount(): Int = countries.size

    inner class ViewHolder(private val binding: CountryItemBinding) :
        RecyclerView.ViewHolder(binding.root) {
        fun bind(country: Country) {
            binding.apply {
                country.also { (name, capital) ->
                    nameTextview.text = name
                    capitalTextview.text = capital
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

ViewModel

Create ViewModel class and add method for loading the country list.

@HiltViewModel is annotated to enable viewmodel injection.

@HiltViewModel
class MainViewModel @Inject constructor(private val repository: Repository) : ViewModel() {
    private val countryLiveData = MutableLiveData<List<Country>?>()

    fun getCountry() = countryLiveData

    init {
        loadCountries()
    }
}

Module

Create object class with various annotations like @Module, @InstallIn, @singleton and @Provides which provides dependencies. The Module class supplies the necessary dependent methods for the Network module.

@Module annotated class provides required instances as dependency for various classes.

Hilt Module annotated with @InstallIn specify the scope of the Module. Here, SingletonComponent::class generates singleton container for the class.

@Provides is annotated in the method and provides objects to inject when required.

@Singleton is annotated to create singleton instance of the dependency object and use it throughout the app.

@Module
@InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class)
object ApiModule {
    private const val BASE_URL = "https://restcountries.eu/rest/v2/"

    @Singleton
    @Provides
    fun providesHttpLoggingInterceptor() = HttpLoggingInterceptor()
        .apply {
            level = HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY
        }

    @Singleton
    @Provides
    fun providesOkHttpClient(httpLoggingInterceptor: HttpLoggingInterceptor): OkHttpClient =
        OkHttpClient
            .Builder()
            .addInterceptor(httpLoggingInterceptor)
            .build()

    @Singleton
    @Provides
    fun provideRetrofit(okHttpClient: OkHttpClient): Retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
        .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
        .baseUrl(BASE_URL)
        .client(okHttpClient)
        .build()

    @Singleton
    @Provides
    fun provideApiService(retrofit: Retrofit): ApiService = retrofit.create(ApiService::class.java)

    @Singleton
    @Provides
    fun providesRepository(apiService: ApiService) = Repository(apiService)
}

Service

Define the Countries list API's in the Service.

interface ApiService {
    @GET("region/europe")
    suspend fun getCountries(): Response<Countries>
}

Repository

Create an Repository class which returns the list of countries network response.

class Repository(private val apiService: ApiService) {
    suspend fun getCountries() = apiService.getCountries()
}

Screenshot

Code

Project code is accessible in the GitHub Repo DevArena/HiltRetrofitApp

Happy Coding! 😀

Hilt Introduction - Starting DI Hiltastic way

Dev Arena — Fri, 21 May 2021 07:18:59 +0000

Introduction

Hilt is an DI library for Android introduced by Google. Hilt is built on top of powerful Dagger library which leverages the benefits of Dagger like compile-time correctness, runtime performance, scalability and Android Support. Hilt has good integration with Jetpack Libraries like Compose, Navigation and WorkManager etc.

Hilt is Stable and Production ready.
Designed particularly for Android.
Supports from Android Studio 4.0.
Officially recommended DI library for Android.
Incorporates best practices of DI.
Hilt is just an API around Dagger but not new library.

Advantages

Simplify the Dagger implementation.
Reduces the boilerplate code.
Decouples the build dependencies.
Robust configurations for testing.
Refactoring and Testing is Easy.

Annotations

Hilt and Dagger can work together. Most of the Dagger annotations are supported by Hilt. Hilt support for following Android specific classes.

Application
ViewModel
Activity
Fragment
View
Service
BroadcastReceiver

Components & Scopes

Hilt supports set of predefined Android lifecycle aware Components and Scopes. Lifetime of the components are usually bound during the creation and destruction of the corresponding instance. Below table shows the components and their scopes.

Setting Up

Adding Dependencies

Add the gradle plugin into the projects root level build.gradle.

buildscript {
    ...
    ext.hilt_version = '2.35'
    dependencies {
        ...
        classpath "com.google.dagger:hilt-android-gradle-plugin:$hilt_version"
    }
}

Add the dependencies into app level app/build.gradle.

apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'
apply plugin: 'dagger.hilt.android.plugin'

android {
    ...
}

dependencies {
    implementation "com.google.dagger:hilt-android:$hilt_version"
    kapt "com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:$hilt_version"
}

Hilt uses Java 8 features. Hence, add the Java 8 support into app level app/build.gradle.

android {
  ...
  compileOptions {
    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
  }
}

Keep Watching :) Let's dive into the implementation part in next article.

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