Odoo Fundamentals

Ibrahim abo eita — Mon, 19 May 2025 06:31:08 +0000

What is Odoo in simple points:

Open-source ERP platform that provides a suit for business applications.
It helps companies to manage their operations.
It runs entirely on webserver and has strong modular architecture.
It uses Python for the backend 🐍, PostgreSQL for the database 🐘, modern JavaScript library (called OWL) for frontend 🦉, and XML (Mainly) & CSV (security) for data.
Fully Customizable.

Odoo Object Relational Model:

Odoo has a strong ORM that automatically interact with the database without writing raw SQL.
It performs automatic validation for fields.

Odoo modular system:

In Odoo, each functional area is a separate installable module that can depend on other modules, and we can activate or remove what we want to extend the functionality without modifying core code.

Then, the key idea about Odoo is everything is a module, and we can install or uninstall apps like pieces of Lego.

Every app (module or addon) is a python module that has database models, views, business logic, security rules, web controllers & endpoints, reports & actions,..etc.

This modular system makes Odoo a giant collection of modules that interact together.

Odoo Web Library OWL 🦉:

OWL is a Modern JS framework for Odoo's UI similar to react but simpler, lighter, and made specifically for Odoo.
Shortly it is a light-weight reactive JS framework.
Unlike react, the component is always a class and never a function.
OWL files are pure HTML documents and JS scripts (no JSX).
It uses virtual DOM and reactive state for automatic update.

Odoo pre-requirements:

In simple terms, Python - PostgreSQL - XML - JavaScript - Git - Bach
If you tried Python backend development using Flask, FastAPI, or Django you would not face a problem with Odoo backend.
If you tried React as a modern JS framework, OWL would be much easier.
You need a solid knowledge in git and GitHub for cloning the base, push your work, and deployment.
It would be great to learn about XML, and CSV files.
For tools, you would need an IDE like PyCharm, and you can use Visual Studio Code, you would need to install git bash, and you need to install PostgreSQL.

Odoo Cloning:

The GitHub repository for Odoo is github.com/odoo/odoo.

Cloning Odoo:

git clone https://www.github.com/odoo/odoo --depth 1 --branch 18.0 --single-branch odoo_18

--depth 1: is called shallow cloning that only downloads the latest snapshot of the selected branch without full commit history.
--branch 18.0: cloning the branch named 18.0 and it is the current version of Odoo.
--single-branch: clones only the branch we specified.
odoo_18: the name of local folder we are cloning the branch in.

The next step is to install all packages using the command pip install -r requirements.txt.

Odoo configuration file `odoo.conf`

In the root directory of the repo, create a file and name it odoo.conf to add option.

These options could be database configurations, addon paths, admin passwords, and more.

[options]
addons_path = {absolute_path}\odoo18\addons,
          {absolute_path}\odoo18\odoo\addons,

db_user = your_user
db_password = your_password

admin_passwd = your_admin_pass

After doing these steps you could easily start the server by running the command python odoo-main -c odoo.conf.

You must activate developer mode by going to the path localhost:8069/odoo/settings, then scroll down to Developer Tools section and click on Activate the developer mode.

Database Manager:

Built-in tool used to create, duplicate, back up, restore, delete, and manage Odoo databases directly from web browser.

Accessed via: /web/database/manager/
🆕 Create a new database
📂 List existing databases
🔁 Duplicate database
📦 Backup database
♻️ Restore database
❌ Delete database
🔒 Password protection

Admin/master password is needed to access or manage databases
Set via odoo.conf: admin_passwd = yourpassword

Steps to start your new Odoo app:

create a new directory in {root}/odoo in your local repository.
add the absolute path of the new directory as an addon_path in odoo.conf.
create an init.py file within it as it is modular packages.
inside this directory (optionally named custome_addons) you can create all the new apps, so create a directory for your new app.
we have 2 important files to create inside app's directory __init__.py to address app parts, and __manifest__.py to declare it.
create a models/ directory and create an __init__.py within it to address all the models.
create a controllers/ directory and create an __init__.py within it to address all the controllers.
create a views/ for XML files.
restart the server and update apps list from the web UI or you can run python odoo-bin -c odoo.conf -u {app name}.

We may talk in depth about app development in another article.

Forem: Ibrahim abo eita