Deploy Express.js & Node Using Bash Scripts & CloudRay

CloudRay Staff — Sat, 04 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this guide, we’ll show you how to deploy your Express.js application using Bash scripts and CloudRay, a platform that simplifies server management and script execution. This approach is ideal for developers who are comfortable with Bash scripting and want a lightweight, efficient solution for deploying small to medium projects, without the overhead of Docker containerization or CI/CD pipelines.

Prerequisites
Assumptions
Adding Your Server to CloudRay
Create the setup script
Create the Deployment Script
Create a Variable Group
Run the setup script
Run the deployment script

Prerequisites

Before we begin, ensure you have the following:

A CloudRay account at app.cloudray.io.
An Express.js Application: that is ready to deploy.
A cloud server accessible via SSH: If you don’t already have a cloud server, you can get one from popular providers like AWS, DigitalOcean, and Google Cloud.
SSH credentials: Ensure you have access to the necessary SSH keys or login credentials to access your server.
GitHub Access Token: You’ll need a fine-grained personal access token to clone your repository. Follow this GitHub Access Token guide to create one.

This guide assumes you’re using Ubuntu 24.04 LTS as your server’s operating system. If you’re using a different version or a different distribution, adjust the commands accordingly.

Adding Your Server to CloudRay

If you’ve already added your server to CloudRay, you can skip this step.

To deploy your application, you need to add your server to CloudRay so it can execute deployment scripts.

Steps to add your server:

Log in to your CloudRay account.
Navigate to Servers in the dashboard.
Click New Server.
Follow the on-screen instructions.

For detailed guidance, refer to the Adding a Server documentation.

Once your server is added, proceed to the next step.

Create the setup script

To streamline the deployment process, you’ll need two Bash scripts:

Setup Script : You’ll run this once when setting up a new server to install dependencies and configure services.
Deployment Script : You can run this anytime you want to update your application with new code.

In this section, we’ll create the Setup Script.

The setup script prepares your server by:

Creating a deploy user that runs the Node server using pm2 as a non-privileged service
Installing Caddy web server for automatic HTTPS
Setting up asdf to install Node.js
Creating a systemd service to start pm2 at boot
Setting up the repository for the first time

To create the setup script:

Go to Scripts in your CloudRay project
Click New Script
Name: Setup Express Server
Copy this code:

# Stop executing the script if any of the commands fail
set -e

# Create a deploy user if it doesn't exist
# This is the user that will run the Express app
if [! -d /home/deploy]; then
  echo "Creating deploy user"
  adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" deploy
fi

# We'll deploy the Express app to /srv
# Let's ensure the deploy user has the right permissions
echo "Setting up /srv directory"
chown deploy:deploy -R /srv

# Install the essential packages
echo "Installing essential packages"
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get update
apt-get install -y git caddy

echo "Configuring Caddy to serve the Express app"
cat > /etc/caddy/Caddyfile <<'EOT'
{{app_domain}} {
  reverse_proxy localhost:{{express_port}}
}
EOT

# We'll install asdf to manage node version
su -l deploy <<'EOT'
  set -e
  if [! -d "$HOME/.asdf"]; then
    echo "Installing asdf"
    git clone https://github.com/asdf-vm/asdf.git ~/.asdf
    echo "source $HOME/.asdf/asdf.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
  else
    echo "Updating asdf"
    cd ~/.asdf
    git pull
  fi

  source $HOME/.asdf/asdf.sh

  if ! grep -q "legacy_version_file" ~/.asdfrc; then
    echo "legacy_version_file = yes" >> ~/.asdfrc
  fi
  asdf plugin add nodejs
  echo "Installing Node.js version {{node_version}}"
  asdf install nodejs {{node_version}}
  asdf reshim
  asdf global nodejs {{node_version}}
  npm install -g pm2
  echo "Finished installing Node.js"
EOT

echo "Creating the pm2 startup service"
export ASDF_DIR=/home/deploy/.asdf
export ASDF_DATA_DIR=/home/deploy/.asdf
source /home/deploy/.asdf/asdf.sh
asdf shell nodejs {{node_version}}
pm2 startup systemd -u deploy --hp /home/deploy

echo "Setting up the repository for the first time"
su -l deploy <<'EOT'
  set -e
  source "$HOME/.asdf/asdf.sh"
  mkdir -p /srv/{{app_name}}
  cd /srv/{{app_name}}
  if [! -d "/srv/{{app_name}}/.git"]; then
    git clone https://{{github_access_token}}@github.com/{{github_repo_name}} .
  fi
  npm install
  pm2 stop {{app_name}} || true
  env PATH="$(asdf where nodejs)/bin:$PATH" pm2 start npm --name {{app_name}} -- start
  pm2 save
EOT

systemctl restart caddy.service

echo "Done."

TIP

If you find this script too long to manage, you can break it into smaller scripts and use Script Playlists to run them together.

Create the Deployment Script

You’ll use this script whenever you want to update your application. The script:

Pulls latest code from your Git repository’s main branch
Installs app dependencies
Restarts the Node server using pm2

To create the deployment script:

Go to Scripts > New Script
Name: Deploy Express App
Add code:

set -e

su -l deploy <<'EOT'
set -e
. "$HOME/.asdf/asdf.sh"
cd /srv/{{app_name}}
git fetch --all
git reset --hard origin/main
npm install
pm2 restart {{app_name}}
EOT

echo "🚀 Deployed {{app_name}} at https://{{app_domain}}"

Create a Variable Group

Our scripts use variables like {{app_name}}, {{app_domain}}, and {{node_version}} because CloudRay processes all scripts as Liquid templates. This allows you to use placeholders in your scripts, making them dynamic and reusable across different servers.

To provide values for these variables, you’ll need to create a variable group. Here’s how:

Navigate to Variable Groups: In your CloudRay project, go to “Scripts” in the top menu and click on “Variable Groups”.
Create a new Variable Group: Click on “New Variable Group”.
Add the following variables:

app_name: Your application’s name (use underscores instead of spaces), e.g., my_app
app_domain: Your application’s domain name, e.g., myapp.example.com
node_version: The version of Node.js you want to install. E.g., 20.0.0
express_port: The port your Express application listens on (e.g., 3000)
github_access_token: Your GitHub personal access token for cloning the repository.
github_repo_name: Your GitHub repository in the format username/repository, e.g., yourusername/your-repo.

Run the setup script

To run the Setup Express Server script, you’ll use a Runlog in CloudRay. A Runlog allows you to execute scripts on your servers and provides detailed logs of the execution process.

Here’s how to create and run a Runlog:

Navigate to Runlogs: In your CloudRay project, go to “Runlogs” in the top menu.
Create a new Runlog: Click on “New Runlog”.
Fill in the form:

Server: Select the server you added earlier.
Script: Choose the Setup Express Server script.
Variable Group: Select the variable group you created earlier.

Run the script: Click on “Run” to execute the script on your server.

CloudRay will connect to your server, run the Setup Express Server script, and show you the live output as the script executes.

Run the deployment script

You can run the deploy-rails-app script whenever you want to deploy a new version of your application. Here’s how to create a Runlog for the deployment script:

Navigate to Runlogs: In your CloudRay project, go to “Runlogs” in the top menu.
Create a new Runlog: Click on “New Runlog”.
Fill in the form:

Server: Select the server you added earlier.
Script: Choose the Deploy Express App script.
Variable Group: Select the variable group you created earlier.

Run the script: Click on “Run” to execute the script on your server.

CloudRay will connect to your server, run the Deploy Express App script, and show you the live output as the script executes.

That’s it! Happy deploying!

If you've any questions, let us know in the comments!

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Forem: CloudRay Staff