Forem: Bruyo Emuavobor

# Containerization and Container Orchestration

Bruyo Emuavobor — Sat, 21 Mar 2026 16:22:13 +0000

Project Review

Develop a microservices-based weather application. The implementation involves creating two microservices; one for fetching weather data and another for diplaying it. The primary objectives include containerizing these microservices using Docker, deploying them to a Kubernetes cluster, and accessing them through Nginx.

Phase 1: Basic Frontend Application with Docker and Kubernetes

Hypothetical Use Case

We are deploying a simple static website (HTML and CSS) for a company's landing page. The goal is to containerize this application using Docker, deploy it to a Kubernetes cluster, and access it through Nginx.

Task

Set up the project

Create a new project directory.

'mkdir my-weather-app'

Inside the directory, create HTML file ('index.html') and a CSS file ('styles.css').

'touch index.html'

Copy and paste the code snippet below.

)

'touch styles.css'

Copy and paste the code snippet below.

Initialize Git.

Initialize a Git repository in the project directory.

'git init'

Git Commit.

Add and commit the initial code to the Git repository.

'git add .'

'git commit -m "my first commit"'

Dockerize the application

Create a 'Dockerfile' specfying Nginx as the base image.

'nano Dockerfile'

Copy and paste the code snippet below into your Dockerfile.
Copy your HTML and CSS files into the Nginx HTML directory.

'# Use official Nginx image
FROM nginx:latest

# Remove default Nginx static files
RUN rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/*

# Copy your HTML and CSS files into Nginx directory
COPY index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/
COPY styles.css /usr/share/nginx/html/

# Expose port 80
EXPOSE 80

# Start Nginx (already default, but explicit is fine)
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]'

Build the Docker Image.

'docker build -t my-weather-app .'

Run the container.

'docker run -p 8080:80 my-weather-app'

Test in browser.

'http://localhost:8080'

Push to Docker Hub

Push the Docker image to Docker Hub.
Create a repository named "my-weather-app".

'docker login'

Tag your image correctly.

'docker images'

'docker tag my-weather-app bruyo/my-weather-app:latest'

Push the Image.

'docker push bruyo/my-weather-app:latest'

Set up a Kind Kubernetes Cluster

Install Kind (Kubernetes in Docker)

'choco install kind'

Verify installation.

'kind version'

Ensure that Docker is running, the docker desktop must be running as well.

'docker ps'

Create a Kind cluster.
Clean old broken cluster

'kind delete cluster'

'docker system prune -f'

'kind create cluster --image kindest/node:v1.29.2'

Verify Cluster.

'kubectl get nodes'

Deploy the Application.

'kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx'

'kubectl get pods'

Expose Service.

'kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --port=80'

Get Access URL.

'kubectl get svc'

'kubectl port-forward service/nginx 8080:80

Open browser and open application with the link below:

'http://localhost:8080'

Deploy to Kubernetes using YAML file

Create a Kubernetes Deployment YAML file specifying the image and desired replicas.

'nano nginx-deployment.yaml'

Copy and paste the code snippet below into the yaml file.

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-weather
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-weather
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest   # Or your Docker Hub image (e.g. bruyo/my-nginx-app:latest)
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Apply the deployment to the cluster.

'kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml'

Verify Deployment.

'kubectl get deployments'

Create a Service (ClusterIP)

Create a Kubernetes service YAML file specifying the type as ClusterIP.

'nano nginx-service.yaml'

Copy and paste the code snippet below into the yaml file.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-nginx-service
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: my-weather   # MUST match Deployment labels
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80

)

Apply the service to the cluster.

'kubectl apply -f nginx-service.yaml'

Verify Service.

'kubectl get svc'

Access the Application

Port-forward to the service to access the application locally.

'kubectl port-forward service/my-nginx-service 8080:80'

Open your browser and visit the specified port to view the application.

'http://localhost:8080'

AWS Account Creation Project

Bruyo Emuavobor — Sat, 17 Jan 2026 21:17:45 +0000

What is Cloud?

You can imagine your computer or phone. It stores all your pictures, files, and apps, right? But what if you run out of space or lose your device? That's where the cloud comes in. The cloud is like a giant digital storage space, but it's not just one big hard drive sitting somewhere. It's actually made up of lots of powerful computers connected over the internet.

What is AWS Cloud?

There are many cloud providers like Azure, Google Cloud Platform, IBM Cloud, etc., each offering a range of services for businesses and individuals.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is one of the leading cloud providers in the market, providing a comprehensive suite of cloud computing services. It offers a vast array of computing resources, including servers, storage, databases, networking, and more, all delivered over the internet. It's like a huge digital world where companies and people can use really strong computers without having to invest in physical hardware.

Importance of AWS Cloud?

The AWS Cloud is important because it lets businesses and individuals do things that were once only possible for big companies with lots of funds. Now, AWS provides access for small businesses or startups to resources to build, grow, and scale their ideas. You only use resources based on demands and not buy a whole infrastructure to build projects.

Setting up an AWS Account

Open an AWS management console via https://aws.amazon.com/console/

Click on Create account

Enter a valid required details like email address, password and aws account name;

Click Verify Email Address.

Check respective email.

You'll receive a verification code there; copy that verification code. Paste it on the AWS page and click verify.

Now set your root user password and click on "Continue."

Enter all required information and click on "Continue."

Choose a plan: either the free 6-month or paid plan.

)

As per your request, please provide your payment information for verification purposes.

Rest assured, they will not charge you unless your usage surpasses the AWS Free Tier Limits.

Kindly note that some credit card or debit card companies may authorize a nominal charge of approximately USD $1.00 to validate the card's authenticity, with the charge typically being reversed shortly thereafter.

Click on "Verify and continue."

Your payment process will be initiated. Please rest assured that your payment information will be securely processed.

A one-time password (OTP) will be sent to the respective phone number for verification purposes.

Please ensure that you have access to the provided phone number to receive the OTP and complete the phone verification process.

Then write the OTP here:

To activate your account and confirm your identity.

You have the option to choose either a text message (SMS) or a voice call to receive the verification code.

Additionally, you will be presented with a CAPTCHA. Please enter the displayed code and proceed to send for verification.

Please click the "Submit button" to proceed.

Once initiated, your account is set up and ready for use.

Input your login details to access the console.

Conclusion

In conclusion, for those having challenges with their debit, you might have to clear your cache or try another browser or debit/credit card.

Cloud Computing

Bruyo Emuavobor — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 10:20:17 +0000

Introduction to Cloud Computing - Security & Identity Management (IAM)

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—such as storage, databases, networking, servers, software, and analytics—over the internet (“the cloud”). Instead of owning and managing physical hardware and software, organizations and individuals can access these resources on demand from cloud providers like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing

On-Demand Self-Service – Users can provision resources like servers and storage without human intervention.
Broad Network Access – Services are available anytime, anywhere via the internet.
Scalability & Elasticity – Resources can scale up or down automatically based on demand.
Pay-As-You-Go Pricing – You only pay for what you use, reducing upfront costs.
Managed Infrastructure – The cloud provider handles maintenance, updates, and security at the infrastructure level.

Cloud Service Models (What You Get)

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Provides virtual servers, networking, and storage. Example: AWS EC2.
PaaS (Platform as a Service): Provides development tools and platforms to build apps without managing servers. Example: Google App Engine.
SaaS (Software as a Service): Provides ready-to-use applications delivered over the internet. Example: Gmail, Microsoft 365.

Cloud Deployment Models (Where It Runs)

Public Cloud: Shared resources hosted by providers (e.g., AWS, Azure).
Private Cloud: Dedicated infrastructure for one organization, often on-premises.
Hybrid Cloud: Mix of public and private for flexibility and control.
Multi-Cloud: Using multiple providers for redundancy and optimization.

Benefits of Cloud Computing

Cost-effective (no heavy upfront hardware investment)
Flexibility and mobility
Faster time to market
Business continuity with backup & disaster recovery
Security and compliance (when configured properly)

Project Overview

This mini-project is designed to guide throught the intricacies of Amazon Web Services (AWS), specifically focusing on indentity and access management. It invovles delivering computing services over the internet, including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analystics and intelligence, to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.

In this project, we will be working with a hypothetical fintech startup named Zappy e-Bank. This fictitious company represnts a typical startup venturing into financial technology sector, aiming to leverage the cloud power to innovate, scale, and deliver financial services. The scenario is set up to provide realistic backdrop that will help unserstand the application of AWS IAM in managing cloud resources securely and efficiently.

The importance of IAM Zappy e-Bnak

For Zappy e-Bank, like any company dealing with financial services, security and compliances are paramount. The company must ensure that its data, including sensitive customer's information, is securely managed and that access to resources is tightly controlled. AWS IAM plays a critical role in achieving these security objectives by allowing the company to define who is authenticated (Signed in) and authorized (has permission) to use the resources.

IAM will enable Zappy e-Bank to:

Create and manage AWS users and groups, to control access to AWS services and resources securely.
Use IAM roles and policies to set more granular permissions for AWS services and external users or services that need to access Zappy e-Bank AWS resources.
Implement strong access controls, including multi-factor authentication (MFA), to enhance security.

Project Setup

Login to the AWS Mannagement Console: Use your administrator account log in.

click on this link 'https://aws.amazon.com/console/' and click on "sigin in to console" for existing users.

Navigate to the IAM dashboard: Here, you'll manage users, groups, roles, and policies.

Let setup IAM users for a backend developer, John, and a data analyst, Mary, by first determining their specific access needs.

As a backend developer, John requires access to servers (EC2) to run his code, necessitating an IAM user with policies granting EC2 access.
As a data analyst, Mary needs access to data storage (AWS S3 Service), so her IAM user should have policies enabling S3 access.

Create policy for Development team

In the IAM Console, click policies.

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Click on 'create policy'

In the select a service section, search for ec2.

For simplicity sake, select the "All EC2 actions" checkbox.

Also make sure to select All in the Resources section.

Click "Next"

Provide the name developers and description for the policy.

Click on "Create Policy"

Create policy for data analyst team

In the IAM Console, click policies.

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Click on 'create policy'

In the select a service section, search for S3.

For simplicity sake, select the "All S3 actions" checkbox.

Also make sure to select All in the Resources section.

Click "Next"

Provide the name developers and description for the policy.

Click on "Create Policy"

Create Group for the Development team

In the IAM console navigation, select User group and in the top right click Create group

Provide a name for the group.

Attach the developer policy we created earlier to the group. This will allow any user in the Development-Team group to have access to EC2 instances alone.

Click on Create group

Create Group for the Data-Analyst Team

In the IAM console navigation, select User group and in the top right click Create group

Provide a name for the group.

Attach the developer policy we created earlier to the group. This will allow any user in the Analyst-Team group to have access to S3 instances alone.

Click on Create group

Creating IAM User for John

Let's recall that John is a backend developer, therefore he need to be added as a user to the Development-Team group.

Navigate to the IAM dashboard, select "Users" and click "Create user"

Provide the name of the user "John", ensure that the user can access the AWS Management Console.

Select permission which is in the "Development-Team" for developers.

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Creating IAM User for Mary

Let's recall that Mary is a data analyst, therefore she need to be added as a user to the Analyst-Team group.

Navigate to the IAM dashboard, select "Users" and click "Create user"

Provide the name of the user "Mary", ensure that the user can access the AWS Management Console.

Select permission which is in the "Analyst-Team" for data analysts.

Testing

login to aws management console and iput John login details.

'https://665626472897.signin.aws.amazon.com/console'

Reset password for John.

Recall that John is a developer and has only permission and access to Development-Team resources which is EC2 instance.

Snip up an EC2 instance. On the search bar, type EC2 and click on EC2 on dropdown menu.

Click on instance on the EC2 dashboard and click on launch instance

Name your EC2 instance.

Select your opearting syatem (Virtual machine). For this project we select the free-tier Ubuntu OS.

Create a keypair for your instance.

Select the created keypair.

Create a Security Group.

Click on Launch Instance

login to aws management console and iput Mary login details.

'https://665626472897.signin.aws.amazon.com/console'

Reset password for John.

Recall that Mary is a data analyst and has only permission and access to Analyst-Team resources which is S3.

Snip up S3. On the search bar, type S3 and click on S3 on dropdown menu.

Click on Create bucket

Click on Create bucket

VIRTUAL MACHINES

Bruyo Emuavobor — Sat, 29 Oct 2022 00:04:28 +0000

A virtual machine is the virtualization or emulation of a computer system in computing. The functionality of a physical computer is provided by virtual machines, which are built on computer architectures.`

CREATING A WINDOWS VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CONNECTING IT WITH RDP

On search bar, search for virtual machine and click on it.

Click on create virtual machine (select azure virtual machine).

Set up your virtual machine to a windows virtual machine and click on review/create.

CONNECTING INTO REMOTE DESKTOP

Click on Go to resource.

Click on connect, then select RDP.

Download the file.
Open the file on your downloads and type in your login details (the username and password created during the VM setup)

Click on connect.
Click on yes to access the remote desktop.

HOW TO INSTALL A WEBSERVER ON THE REMOTE DESKTOP

Click on the windows menu on your remote desktop.

Search for Windows Powershell and run as an administrator.
type in

Install-WindowsFeature Web-Server

HOW TO ADD A DISK ON THAT WEBSERVER

Go back to your azure portal and open your created virtual machine.

Click on disk on the menu bar and edit to your specification.

Click on save.
Open your Remote Desktop

On your the task bar click on search and type in

diskmgmt.msc

Click on OKAY to initialize your disk2

Right-click on disk2 and click on New Simple Volume (follow the process by clicking on next)

CREATING A LINUX VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CONNECTING IT WITH SSH

On search bar, search for virtual machine and click on it.

Click on create virtual machine (select azure virtual machine).

Set up your linux virtual machine and click on review/create.

Click on go to resource (to open your VM).

Click on connect (SSH)

Run powershell as administrator.
type

ssh username@ip address

Click Enter
Type in your password (used in creating your VM) and click Enter

HOW TO CREATE AZURE COMPUTE GALLERY AND CAPTURE IMAGE OF THAT VIRTUAL MACHINE

Go to azure portal, on the search bar type azure compute gallery and click on it.

Click on create (to create gallery)

Set up your gallery and click on review/create

Click on create (to create your gallery)

Go to your azure portal and open an already created virtual machine

Click on capture

Select your the gallery

Create a VM image definition

Set the version details and click on review/create.

Click on create

Go to your azure portal and open the gallery you created.

APP SERVICE

Bruyo Emuavobor — Sun, 16 Oct 2022 15:23:51 +0000

Microsoft developed and maintains Azure Web Apps, a platform for hosting websites based on cloud computing. It is a platform as a service that enables publishing Web applications that use numerous frameworks and were created using a variety of programming languages, including both Microsoft-owned and independent ones. The app service uses HTTP.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

REST API: Representational State Transfer, sometimes known as REST, is an architectural design for distributed hypermedia systems. It was first introduced in Roy Fielding's renowned dissertation from 2000. The guiding concepts and limitations of REST are similar to those of other architectural styles. If a service interface wants to be referred to as RESTful, it has to adhere to these standards. A REST API is a Web API (or Web Service) that adheres to the REST architectural style.
GET: provided resource's representation is requested using the HTTP GET technique. Data should not be included in GET requests; they should only be used to request data. The provided resource's representation is requested using the HTTP GET technique. Data should not be included in GET requests; they should only be used to request data.
PUT: The HTTP PUT request method replaces a representation of the target resource with the request payload or creates a new resource. PUT and POST are different in that PUT is idempotent, meaning that calling it once or many times in a row has the same impact (with no side effects), whereas several identical POST requests may have different results, much like placing an order multiple times.
POST: Data is sent to the server via the HTTP POST technique. The Content-Type header identifies the type of the request body. A POST request causes a change on the server and is often sent using an HTML form. In this instance, the content type is chosen by inserting the appropriate string in the enctype attribute of the element or the or components' formenctype attributes.
DELETE: The requested resource is deleted using the HTTP DELETE request mechanism.
ZIP DEPLOY: When a ZIP package is deployed, App Service unpacks its contents in the app's default path (D:homesitewwwroot for Windows,/home/site/wwwroot for Linux). The same Kudu service that powers continuous integration-based deployments is utilized by this ZIP package deployment.
DEPLOYMENT SLOT: New App Services are deployed in slots. This requires you to reinstall any site extensions you previously added to your App Service. Your app service must be priced at least at the Standard tier. A deployment slot cannot be scaled independently from other deployment slots in the App Service.
SWAP: In Azure Cloud Services, you can switch between two separate cloud service installations (extended support). The Azure Resource Manager model in Azure Cloud Services (extended support) does not employ deployment slots, in contrast to Azure Cloud Services (traditional). When deploying a new version of a cloud service in Azure Cloud Services (extended support), you can make the cloud service "swappable" with an already-installed cloud service (extended support).
ARR AFFIRNITY: By providing the user a unique cookie (known as an affinity cookie), ARR deftly recognizes the user and enables the service to identify the appropriate instance the user was using to fulfill any subsequent requests made by that user.