Forem: Aniket Satbhai

Using htmlq to filter web data

Aniket Satbhai — Sun, 18 Aug 2024 11:35:48 +0000

Similar to the jq, the htmlq facilitates the filtering of html data. It can be utilized along with the curl command.

To filter with id: article-body

$ curl -s https://dev.to/anks/using-jq-to-filter-json-data-36c5 | htmlq '#article-body'

This will filter all codeblocks on a specified dev.to page:

$ curl -s https://dev.to/anks/using-jq-to-filter-json-data-36c5 | htmlq '[class="highlight js-code-highlight"]'

To filter out non-code text from the page:

$ curl -s https://dev.to/anks/using-jq-to-filter-json-data-36c5 | htmlq '#article-body>p'
<p>Basic Elements</p>
<p>n ∉ [0, ∞), int</p>
<p>Ex.</p>
<p>file.json<br>
</p>
<p>To filter ids:<br>
</p>
<p>To return value of <code>name</code> key when id is 1<br>
</p>
<p>To filter ids as json<br>
</p>
<p>Ref. :<br>
<a href="https://stedolan.github.io/jq/">https://stedolan.github.io/jq/</a><br>
<a href="https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/json-and-jq">https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/json-and-jq</a></p>

To filter out non-code text from the page and to return the output in text format:

$ curl -s https://dev.to/anks/using-jq-to-filter-json-data-36c5 | htmlq -t '#article-body>p'
Basic Elements
n ∉ [0, ∞), int
Ex.
file.json

To filter ids:

To return value of name key when id is 1

To filter ids as json

Ref. :
https://stedolan.github.io/jq/
https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/json-and-jq

Ref.
https://github.com/mgdm/htmlq

Psychological Moonshots

Aniket Satbhai — Sun, 17 Sep 2023 10:27:50 +0000

Engineering is expensive.
And the problems we deal with are simpler.
So psychological moonshots are more practical — whether to increase sales of a product or reduce churn.
Because they are cheap.

Frames to Find Psychological Moonshots
1. Friction/effort frame
  - One of the most important metrics for streaming services is time spent on the platform. So Netflix engineers came up with the auto-play idea. It only saved a few seconds for the users to go to the next episode. But it drastically increased watch time.
  - Now the opposite can also work depending on your product. Sometimes you can increase sales by making it harder to buy for customers.
2. Anxiety frame
  - A construction company realizing most people were not buying condos because of the anxiety of moving. When they introduced moving services and storage facilities, sales (and average revenue per customer) exploded.
3. Uncertainty/risk frame
  - 30-day refund guarantee, resulting in increased sales.
4. Commitment frame
  - No credit card required for free trials. Less commitment = more conversions.
  - A gym offer where they charge you a big amount at first. And refund partially if you stick with the classes. Higher commitment = better results = more future sales.
5. Joy/excitement frame
  - Double Tree delights customers with a warm cookie to increase customer satisfaction. Positive memorable moments can bring you exponential benefits with little cost.
6. Achievement frame
  - Some health organizations send text messages to blood donors when their blood is used by a patient. But a person who receives that message is more likely to donate blood again.
7. Boredom frame
  - When the skyscrapers were new in New York, people hated the long wait times in the elevators. The obvious solution was to make them faster. But it was expensive. And sometimes not even possible with the technology of that time. So somebody found the ingenious solution of putting mirrors into elevators. We all like looking at ourselves. So long wait times didn’t matter anymore.
  - Another example can be Duolingo. Learning something new is difficult. And that triggers boredom for most people. So they made language learning 90% less boring with gamification. And millions of people have started learning new languages.
Sometimes you don’t even need to fix the problem, you can make it unimportant.

Instead of trying to solve a problem with conventional logic, you reframe the problem. - (Rory Sutherland, Alchemy)

It’s easier to make something 10x better than to make it 10% better. - Astro Teller (CEO, X)

Ref. Frontera Blog

Design Thinking

Aniket Satbhai — Sat, 03 Jun 2023 10:02:28 +0000

Design is a dynamic idea used to describe how organizations can adjust their problem-solving approaches to respond to rapidly changing environments—and create maximum impact and shareholder value. It's a journey and a destination.
Design thinking is a core way of starting the journey and arriving at the right destination at the right time.
Building a design-driven company culture
- Empathy and purpose are core business needs
- Steps to building success through the power of design:
  - Understand end-user behavior and needs in-depth
  - Build bridge between the point of view of the people, the planet, and the company’s purpose
  - Combine design, business strategy, and technology in real time
  - Be agile
User centered design vs design thinking
- Both emphasize listening to and deeply understanding users and continually gathering and implementing feedback to develop, refine, and improve a service
- User-centered design focuses on improving a specific product or service
- Design thinking takes a broader view as a way to creatively address complex problems—whether for a start-up, a large organization, or society as a whole
The principles of Design To Value (DTV) have evolved into design for value and growth (D4VG), a new way of creating products that provide exceptional customer experiences while driving both value and growth.
An increased focus on design for sustainability (DFS), especially at the research and development stage, can help mitigate some of these inefficiencies and ultimately create even more sustainable products.
Skinny design is a method whereby consumer goods companies reassess the overall box size of products by reducing the total cubic volume of the package.

Ref.: Design Thinking

Mindfulness

Aniket Satbhai — Tue, 30 May 2023 11:19:11 +0000

Process of actively noticing new things

You start with uncertainty, then you make a decision, if you make a mistake it's a calamity, but the path you are following is just a decision, you can change it at any time and maybe an alternative will turn out better.
When you are mindful, mistakes become friends, you become less judgmental.
Seek work life integration, not balance.
Make not knowing okay.
Mindfulness is more important than ever, but the chaos makes it harder to be mindful, but chaos is just a perception.
There is no more information now than there was before.
Life only consists of moments - make the moment matters, it all matters.

Ref. : Mindful in the age of complexity - Ellen Langer Interview, HBR

Enneagram

Aniket Satbhai — Wed, 24 May 2023 12:03:03 +0000

Types
- We are born with a dominant type
- From one point of view, the Enneagram can be seen as a set of nine distinct personality types, with each number on the Enneagram denoting one type.
- It is common to find a little of yourself in all nine of the types, although one of them should stand out as being closest to yourself.
Highlighted Traits
- 1 - Principled, Purposeful, Self-controlled, Perfectionistic
- 2 - Generous, Demonstrative, People-pleasing, Possessive
- 3 - Adaptable, Excelling, Driven, Image-conscious
- 4 - Expressive, Dramatic, Self-absorbed, Temperamental
- 5 - Perceptive, Innovative, Secretive, Isolated
- 6 - Engaging, Responsible, Anxious, Suspicious
- 7 - Spontaneous, Versatile, Acquisitive, Scattered
- 8 - Self-confident, Decisive, Willful, Confrontational
- 9 - Receptive, Reassuring, Complacent, Resigned
Centers
- Each Center consists of three personality types that have in common the assets and liabilities of that Center.
Dominant Emotion
- Each type results from a particular relationship with a cluster of issues that characterize that Center. Most simply, these issues revolve around a powerful, largely unconscious emotional response to the loss of contact with the core of the self.
- Each type has a particular way of coping with the dominant emotion of its Center.
  - Instinctive Center
    - 1
      - Control/repress their anger and instinctual energy
      - Direct these energies according to the superego
    - 9
      - Deny their anger and instinctual energies, often feeling threatened by them
      - Stay out of their darker feelings by focusing on idealizations of their relationships and their world
    - 8
      - Act out their anger and instinctual energies in some physical way, raising their voices, moving more forcefully
      - Others can clearly see that they are angry
  - Feeling Center
    - 2
      - Control their shame by getting other people to like them and to think of them as good people and by focusing on their positive feelings for others while repressing their negative feelings
      - As long as they can get positive emotional responses from others, they feel wanted and are able to control feelings of shame
    - 3
      - Deny their shame and fears of failure, and are potentially the most out of touch with underlying feelings of inadequacy
      - Cope with shame by trying to become what they believe a valuable, successful person is like
    - 4
      - Control their shame by focusing on how unique their particular talents, feelings, and personal characteristics are, although they are the type most likely to succumb to feelings of inadequacy
      - Manage their shame by cultivating a rich, romantic fantasy life in which they do not have to deal with whatever in their life seems drab or uninteresting to them
  - Thinking Center
    - 5
      - Fear about the outer world and their capacity to cope with it
      - Cope with their fear by withdrawing from the world hoping they understand reality on their own terms by involving themselves with increasingly complex inner worlds
    - 6
      - Exhibit the most fear of all three types, largely experienced as anxiety, which causes them to be the most out of touch with their own sense of inner knowing and confidence by constantly looking outside themselves for something to make them feel sure of themselves like philosophies, beliefs, relationships, jobs, savings, authorities, or any combination of the above
      - Respond to their fear and anxiety by impulsively confronting it— defying their fear in the effort to be free of it
    - 7
      - Have fear about their inner world i.e. feelings of pain, loss, deprivation, and general anxiety
      - Cope with these feelings by keeping their minds occupied with exciting possibilities and trying to do as many as they can by staying on the go, pursuing one experience after another, and keeping themselves entertained and engaged with their many ideas and activities
The Wing
- No one is a pure personality type: everyone is a unique mixture of his or her basic type and usually one of the two types adjacent to it on the circumference of the Enneagram. One of the two types adjacent to your basic type is called your wing.
- Your basic type dominates your overall personality, while the wing complements it and adds important, sometimes contradictory, elements to your total personality.
- Some individuals seem to have both wings, while others are strongly influenced by their basic type and show little of either wing. Most people have a dominant wing. In the vast majority of people, while the so-called second wing always remains operative to some degree, the dominant wing is far more important.
- Strictly speaking, everyone has two wings—in the restricted sense that both of the types adjacent to your basic type are operative in your personality since each person possesses the potentials of all nine types.
The Continuum of the Levels of Development
- Healthy
  - Level 1: The Level of Liberation
  - Level 2: The Level of Psychological Capacity
  - Level 3: The Level of Social Value
- Average
  - Level 4: The Level of Imbalance/ Social Role
  - Level 5: The Level of Interpersonal Control
  - Level 6: The Level of Overcompensation
- Unhealthy
  - Level 7: The Level of Violation
  - Level 8: The Level of Obsession and Compulsion
  - Level 9: The Level of Pathological Destructiveness
Directions of Integration (Growth) and Disintegration (Stress)
- The inner lines of the Enneagram connect the types in a sequence that denotes what each type will do under different conditions.
- Direction of Integration or Growth
  - The line that connects with a type that represents how a person of the first type behaves when they are moving toward health and growth.
  - Indicated by the sequence of numbers 1-7-5-8-2-4-1 or 9-3-6-9
- Direction of Stress or Disintegration
  - The line that goes to another type that represents how the person is likely to act out if they are under increased stress and pressure—when they feel they are not in control of the situation.
  - Indicated by the sequence of numbers 1-4-2-8-5-7-1 or 9-6-3-9
The Three Instincts
- A major aspect of human nature lies in our instinctual “hard wiring” as biological beings. We each are endowed with specific instinctual intelligences that are necessary for our survival as individuals and as a species.
- We each have a self-preservation instinct (for preserving the body and its life and functioning), a sexual instinct (for extending ourselves in the environment and through the generations), and a social instinct (for getting along with others and forming secure social bonds).
- While we have all three Instincts in us, one of them is the dominant focus of our attention and behavior—the set of attitudes and values that we are most attracted to and comfortable with. We each also have a second Instinct that is used to support the dominant Instinct, as well as a third Instinct that is the least developed—a real blind spot in our personality and our values. Which Instinct is in each of these three places—most, middle, and least developed—produces what we call our “Instinctual Stack” (like a three-layer cake) with your dominant Instinct on top, the next most developed Instinct in the middle, and the least developed on the bottom).
- While every human being has all three of these instincts operating in him or her, our personality causes us to be more concerned with one of these instincts than the other two. We call this instinct our dominant instinct. This tends to be our first priority—the area of life we attend to first. But when we are more caught up in the defenses of our personality—further down the Levels of Development— our personality most interferes with our dominant instinct.
- Self Preservation Instinct / SP
  - Tend to be more grounded, practical, serious, and introverted
  - Interested in adjusting the environment to make themselves more secure and comfortable by preoccupying with the safety, comfort, health, energy, and well-being of the physical body
  - By extension, are usually interested in maintaining these resources for others as well
  - Might have active social lives and a satisfying intimate relationship, but if they feel that their self-preservation needs are not being met, still tend not to be happy or at ease
  - In their primary relationships, these people are “nesters”—they seek domestic tranquility and security with a stable, reliable partner
- Sexual (aka “Attraction”) Instinct / SX
  - Tend to be more aggressive, competitive, charged, and emotionally intense
  - Seek intimacy, and constantly moving toward that sense of intense stimulation and juicy energy in their relationships and in their activities
  - Are immediately aware of the attraction, or lack thereof, between themselves and other people and not necessarily about people engaging in the sexual act
  - Have an intense drive for stimulation and a constant awareness of the “chemistry” between themselves and others
  - Have intense energetic charge in their primary relationships or else they remain unsatisfied and enjoy being intensely involved—even merged—with others, and can become disenchanted with partners who are unable to meet their need for intense energetic union
- Social (aka “Adaptive”) Instinct / SO
  - Tend to be warmer, more open, engaging, and socially responsible
  - Seek personal connection; stay in long-term contact with people and to be involved in their world
  - Adapt themselves to serve the needs of the social situation they find themselves in by doing things that have an impact on their community, or even broader domains, thus are highly aware of other people, whether they are in intimate situations or in groups, and also aware of how their actions and attitudes are affecting those around them
  - In their primary relationships, they seek partners with whom they can share social activities, wanting their intimates to get involved in projects and events with them, and paradoxically tend to avoid long periods of exclusive intimacy and quiet solitude, seeing both as potentially limiting
  - Lose their sense of identity and meaning when they are not involved with others in activities that transcend their individual interests
Ref. : The Enneagram Institute

How to Get and Evaluate Startup Ideas

Aniket Satbhai — Fri, 19 May 2023 18:13:27 +0000

Common Problems
1. Not solving a real problem - Solution In a Search of a Problem (SISP)
2. Getting stuck on a "tarpit idea" - Widespread problem that seems easier to solve
3. Not evaluating an idea
4. Waiting for perfect idea
Key Questions
1. Is there a founder/market fit?
  - Ex. Plangrid (W12) - Construction Productivity Software
  - i.e. Pick a good idea for your team
2. How big is the market?
  - Good markets for startups
    - Currently big market
    - Rapidly growing
      - Ex. (S12) - Cryptocurrency Exchange Platform
3. How acute is this problem?
  - Ex. Brex (W17) - Credit Card for Startup
4. Do you have competition?
  - Having competition could be counterintuitively good, but if it's an entrenched problem, it'll require new insight
5. Do you want this?
6. Did this recently become possible or necessary?
  - Ex. Checkr (S14) - Background checks via API
7. Are there good proxies for this business?
  - Ex. Rappi (W16) - Food delivery in Latin America
8. Is this an idea you would want to work on for years?
9. Is this a scalable business?
10. Is this a good idea space?
  - Ex. Fivetran (W13) - Tool for data analysis
Things that make startup ideas seem bad, but actually make them good
- Hard to get started
  - Ex. Stripe (S09) - Credit Card payments through website
- In boring space
  - Ex. Gusto (W12) - Payroll software
- Have existing competitors
  - Ex. Dropbox (S07) - Cloud storage
Setting up for future ideas
- Become an expert on something valuable
- Work at a startup
- Build things you find interesting
  - Ex. Replica
Recipes for generating startup ideas
- Start with what your team is especially good at
  - Ex. Rezi (W17) - Apartment Renting
- Start with a personally encountered problem
  - Ex. Vetcove (W16) - Supplies for Veterinarians
- Things you wish existed
  - Ex. Doordash (S13) - Food delivery
- Things changed in the world recently
  - Ex. Gather Town - Digital space for teams
- New variants of successful companies
  - Ex. Nuvocargo (W18) - Cross-border logistics for Mexico ↔ USA
- Talking to others about problems they face
  - Ex. AtoB (S20) - Fuel Cards for Truck Drivers
- Big industries that seem broken
- Find a Co-founder who has an idea

Utilitarianism

Aniket Satbhai — Thu, 18 May 2023 07:52:53 +0000

Utilitarianism
- Is a family of ethical theories and version of consequentialism, which states that the consequences of any action are the only standards of right and wrong
- Conceives “benefits” as actions that maximize well-being across all affected individuals

According to utilitarianists, morally right actions are the ones that produce the greatest balance of benefits over harm for everyone affected.
Unlike other, more individualistic forms of consequentialism (such as egoism) or unevenly weighted consequentialism (such as prioritarianism), utilitarianism considers the interests of all humans equally.
However, utilitarianists disagree on many specific questions, such as whether actions should be chosen based on their likely results (act utilitarianism), or whether agents should conform to rules that maximize utility (rule utilitarianism). There is also disagreement as to whether total (total utilitarianism), average (average utilitarianism) or minimum utility should be maximized.
For utilitarianists, utility – or benefit – is defined in terms of well-being or happiness.
Jeremy Bentham, the father of utilitarianism, characterized utility as

"that property… (that) tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness…(or) to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil, or unhappiness to the party whose interest is considered."
Utilitarianism offers a relatively simple method for deciding, whether an action is morally right or not:
- Identify the various possible actions
- Estimate how each action would benefit and harm
- Choose the action that provides the greatest benefit after considering costs
- According to “diminishing marginal utility” principle, the utility of an item decreases as the supply of units increases (and vice versa).
- For example, when you start to work out, at first you benefit greatly and your results get dramatically better. But the longer you continue working out, each individual training session has a smaller impact. If you work out too often, the utility diminishes and you’ll start to suffer from the symptoms of overtraining.
- Another example is that if you eat one candy, you’ll get a lot of pleasure. But if you eat too much candy, you may gain weight and increase your risk to all kinds of sicknesses.
- This paradox of benefits should always be remembered when we evaluate the consequences of actions. What is the common good now may not be the common good in the future.

The problems of utilitarianism
- Utilitarianism is not a perfect account on moral decision making.
- It has been criticized on many grounds.
  - For example, utilitarian calculation requires that we assign values to the benefits and harm resulting from our actions and compare them with the consequences that might result from other actions. But it’s often difficult, if not impossible, to measure and compare the values of all relevant benefits and costs in advance.
- "Risk" is commonly used to mean a likelihood of a danger or a hazard that arises unpredictably, or in a more technical sense, the probability of some resulting degree of harm. In AI ethics, harm and risks are taken to arise from design, inappropriate application, or intentional misuse of technology. Typical examples are risks such as discrimination, violation of privacy, security issues, cyberwarfare, or malicious hacking.
- In practice, it is difficult to compare the risks and benefits for the following reasons:
  - Risks and benefits are influenced by value commitments, subjective and diverse preferences, practical circumstances, and personal and cultural factors.
  - Harm and benefits are not static.
    - The marginal utility of an item diminishes in a way that can be difficult to foresee. Moreover, a specific harm or a specific benefit may have different utility value in different circumstances.
      - For example, whether or not the faster car will be more beneficial depends on the intended use of it – if it is intended to be a school bus, then we should prioritize safety, but if it is used as a racing car, then the answer may be different.
  - Real-world situations are typically so complex that it is difficult to foresee or compare all the risks and benefits in advance.
    - For example, let’s analyze the possible consequences of military robotics. Although contemporary military robots are largely remotely operated or semi-autonomous, over time they are likely to become fully autonomous. According to some estimates, robots reduce civilian and military casualties. But according to other estimates, they do not reduce the risk to civilians. Statistically, in the first decades of war in the 21st century, robotic weaponry has been involved in numerous killings of both soldiers and noncombatants. The possibility to use various techniques – such as adversarial patches (which interrupt a machine’s ability to properly classify images) – to fool and manipulate automated weapons complicates the situation by increasing the specific risk of causing harm to civilians. The overall level of risks is also dependent on the ease in which wars might be declared if robots are taking most of the physical risk.
  - Utilitarianism fails to take into account other moral aspects.
    - It is easy to imagine situations where developed technology would produce great benefits for societies, but its use would still raise important ethical questions.
      - For example, let’s think about the case of a preventive healthcare system. The system may indeed be beneficial for many, but it still forces us to ask whether fundamental human rights, such as privacy, matter. Or what happens to the citizen’s right not to know about possible health problems? (Many of us would want to know if we are in a high-risk group, but what if someone does not want to know? Can a city force that knowledge on them?) Or, how can we make it sure that everyone has equal access to the possible benefits of a preventative system?
Nozick’s utility monster
- Technically, utility is only a measure (a numeric quantity) that describes some kind of underlying “good” which we want to maximize.
  - Say, pleasure, or well-being (which hedonist philosophers would claim to be the same thing). Pleasure is at least to some extent a subjective experience, and utility, as a measure, should transform it into an intersubjectively comparable number. That is a high bar to reach.
- Assuming such a measure as utility does in fact exist, philosopher Robert Nozick presents the following puzzle. There is a creature called the Utility Monster. Their hedonistic mind is wired so that, given any resource, they will receive more pleasure from it than any other individual would. They simply enjoy apples, cars, coffee, freedom, etc., more than anybody else does. This means that they gain more utility from them, and if we are morally obligated to maximize the utility produced by the resources we have, the conclusion is clear: everything we have to the Utility Monster. Nothing to anybody else.

Ref. : Ethics of AI

Non-maleficence

Aniket Satbhai — Thu, 18 May 2023 07:19:03 +0000

The principle of beneficence says “do good”, while the principle of non-maleficence states “do no harm”.
AI ethics aims to mitigate ethical risks, such as discrimination and privacy, and physical and social harm, in AI applications, with a primary focus on non-maleficence.
Moral problems are seen as things that can be solved by technical “fixes”, or by good design alone.
Technical systems often ignore issues covering wider ethical and societal context that direct the control, governance and societal dimensions.
Consider whether the city’s health care organisation should move from “reactive” to “preventive” healthcare.
- Benefits
  - Sickness prevention has a lot of potential to improve the health and quality of life for citizens
  - Allows better impact estimation and planning of basic healthcare services
  - Potential to significantly reduce social and healthcare costs
- Problems
  - The systems raise a number of legal and ethical issues regarding privacy, security, and the use of data
    - Where is the border between acceptable prevention and non-acceptable intrusion?
    - Does the city have a right to use private, sensitive medical data for identifying high-risk patients?
    - How is consent to be given, and what will happen to people who don’t give their consent?
    - What about those people who do not give consent because they are not able to?
  - Raises the fundamental question of the city’s role
    - If the city has information about a potential health risk and does not act upon the data, is the city guilty of negligence?
    - Are citizens treated equally in the physical and digital worlds?
    - If a person passes out in real life, we call an ambulance without having explicit permission to do so.
  - In the digital world, privacy concerns may prevent us from contacting citizens
- If your answer is something like “yes, the city should seek an ethically and legally acceptable way to use those methods – there are so many advantages compared to the possible risks”, you were probably using a form of moral reasoning called "utilitarianism".

Ref. : Ethics of AI

Ethics of AI - Intro

Aniket Satbhai — Wed, 17 May 2023 13:34:28 +0000

As a discipline, ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct by using conceptual analysis, thought experiments, and argumentation.

Subfields of Ethics
- Meta-ethics: Explores ethical concepts (principles of right or wrong), ontology(existence and relation) and epistemology (knowledge)
- Normative ethics: Explores practical means of determining ethical behavior
- Applied ethics: Explores the specific obligations and permissions for moral agents in specific situations or domains
Concerns
- Immediate Concerns: Apprehensions regarding security, privacy, and transparency
- Medium Term Concerns: Emerging concerns about the ethical implications of AI in areas such as military use, medical care, justice, and education
- Long Term Concerns: Fundamental enduring worries about the development and implementation of AI in society

Three laws of robotics by Isaac Asimov:

1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

Value (Degree of importance of a thing or an action)
- Provides ideals and standards with which to evaluate things, choices, actions, and events
- Intrinsic Value i.e. happiness, freedom, wellbeing, etc.
- Extrinsic/Instrumental Value i.e. money
Norms (value-based principles, commands and imperatives)
- Tells what one should do, or what is expected of someone
- Prescriptive Norm - Encourages positive behavior i.e. “be fair”
- Proscriptive Norm - Discourages negative behavior i.e. “do not discriminate”
- Other Norms:
  - Statistical Regularities - Many computer scientists tend to wear black T-shirts
  - Social Norms - Tells what people in a group believe to be appropriate action in that group
  - Moral norms - Are prescriptive or proscriptive rules with obligatory force beyond that of social or statistical expectations i.e. “Do not use AI for behaviour manipulation”
Hume´s guillotine by David Hume (1711–76)

One should not make normative claims about what should be, based only on descriptive statements about what is. This does not mean that facts do not take any part in our moral consideration, but that you cannot get from an “is” to an “ought” without the use of some purely normative value statement along the way.

For example, the fact that there is a biased data set does not alone imply that the data should (or shouldn’t) be biased. Instead, moral attitudes depend on other ethical considerations and preferences, not just mere facts. Why are we concerned with the issue of biased data? Well, the problem clearly is not the fact that there are biased data. The real problem is that biases may enhance discrimination.
Ethical frameworks
- According to a recent study (Jobin et al 2019), AI ethics has quite rapidly converged on a set of five principles:
  - non-maleficence
  - responsibility or accountability
  - transparency and explainability
  - justice and fairness
  - respect for various human rights, such as privacy and security

Ref. : Chapter 1, Ethics of AI

Deciding to start a startup

Aniket Satbhai — Wed, 17 May 2023 06:48:21 +0000

Vital Traits:
- Resilience
- Engaging
- Synergistic
Preparation:
- Find: Idea & Co-founder
- Repeat: Communication & iteration of the idea
- Create: A product that resonates with some than insignificant to a billion
Why not to start?
- Irrelevant components:
  - Age/Experience
  - Smartness
  - Business-savviness
  - Regimental
- Relevant components:
  - Determination
  - Fearless
  - Partnered
  - Independent
Before the startup
- Counterintuitive: Consider partners' advice, even if it seems counterintuitive.
- Expertise: Understand your users and solve their problems, and not in be an expert on startups.
- Game: Don't look for a trick. Make something that people want, and you will succeed only to the extent that you do.
- All-Consuming: Starting a startup will engulf your life in ways you can't fathom, and if it thrives, that engulfment will persist for an extended duration.
- Idea: Allow startup ideas to form organically in your mind without conscious awareness.
- Try: If you're absolutely terrified of launching a startup, it's wise to reconsider. But if you're merely unsure and curious, the only way to dispel doubts is through action.

"Starting a startup is like a brutally fast depth-first search."

Sam Altman

Ref.: Module 1, (YC Startup School)[https://www.startupschool.org]

Ai Weiwei Designs

Aniket Satbhai — Tue, 16 May 2023 06:23:56 +0000

Ref. :
Wikipedia - Ai Weiwei
London Letter article
BBC article

Unartificial Intelligence

Aniket Satbhai — Thu, 27 Apr 2023 15:58:56 +0000

Excerpt from the HBR article

The human mind could see the moments clearly without remembering any details before or after.
From David Eagleman's Livewired:

The brain is like citizens of a country establishing friendships, marriages, neighborhoods, political parties, vendettas, and social networks. Think of the brain as a living community of trillions of intertwining organisms…a cryptic kind of computational material, a living three-dimensional textile that shifts, reacts, and adjusts itself to maximize its efficiency.

The more we learn, the more we learn how much we don’t know.

Ref. https://hbr.org/2020/11/unartificial-intelligence
By Scott Berinato