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    <title>Forem: Aayush Giri</title>
    <description>The latest articles on Forem by Aayush Giri (@aayush_giri).</description>
    <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri</link>
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      <title>Forem: Aayush Giri</title>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Introduction to SOLIDITY !</title>
      <dc:creator>Aayush Giri</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jan 2023 17:33:33 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/introduction-to-solidity--klp</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/introduction-to-solidity--klp</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Solidity&lt;/strong&gt; is a programming language that is specifically designed for writing smart contracts and creating decentralized applications (DApps). It is a very powerful language, and its popularity has grown exponentially, similar to that of Python.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  A little Background
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Solidity was developed by the Ethereum team, led by &lt;em&gt;Gavin Wood&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Christian Reitwiessner&lt;/em&gt;, as a way to program contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The first version of Solidity, version 0.1.0, was released in August 2014, and it has undergone multiple updates and improvements since then.The latest version is ^0.8.0 dec 20 2021&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Overview:
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Solidity is an object orientd , high level language for immplementing smart contract(DApps). smart contracts are programs which govern the behaviour of accounts within the ethereum state&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;now what are &lt;strong&gt;smart contracts ?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
A smart contract is a piece of code that is deployed on the Ethereum blockchain and governs the behavior of Ethereum accounts within it. It is a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement written directly into lines of code. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The code and the agreements contained therein exist over the Ethereum network and exist as long as the whole network exists.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In layman terms - A smart contract is a computer program that automatically executes the terms of a contract when certain conditions are met. It is called a "smart" contract because it can self-execute and self-enforce the terms of the agreement, without the need for intermediaries. Think of it as a set of instructions for a computer to follow, that will automatically execute an agreement between two parties, once certain conditions are met.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An &lt;strong&gt;_example _&lt;/strong&gt;of how a &lt;em&gt;smart contract&lt;/em&gt; could be used to govern the relationship between a shopkeeper and a delivery person using an IoT device is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A shopkeeper wants to purchase fresh vegetables from a farmer, and the farmer wants to ensure that the vegetables are delivered in good condition, so they agree to use a smart contract to govern the transaction. The shopkeeper hires a delivery person to transport the vegetables from the farm to the store, and the delivery person is given an IoT device that can monitor the temperature inside the truck.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The smart contract is programmed with the following rules:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;-The delivery person must maintain the temperature inside the truck below 20 degrees Celsius at all times during the delivery.&lt;br&gt;
-If the temperature inside the truck exceeds 20 degrees Celsius, the smart contract will automatically cancel the payment to the delivery person.&lt;br&gt;
-If the temperature is below 20 degrees Celsius when the delivery is complete, the smart contract will automatically release payment to the delivery person.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This way, the shopkeeper and the delivery person can trust that the vegetables will be delivered in good condition, without the need for intermediaries like third-party inspectors or lawyers. Also, the farmer can be sure that his vegetables will be delivered safely and in perfect condition, as the smart contract ensures that the temperature inside the truck is maintained below 20 degree celsius. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Overall, this example illustrates how a smart contract can be used to automate and streamline a business process by removing the need for trust between parties and ensuring that the terms of the agreement are executed transparently and automatically.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is influenced by several other programming languages, including C++, Python, and JavaScript.The syntax of Solidity is similar to that of C++, which makes it easy for developers with C++ experience to learn and use. Additionally, it has many features from Python, such as support for inheritance and complex user-defined types, making it a powerful language for building complex contracts and DApps.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition to its syntax, Solidity is also designed to target the EVM, which is the runtime environment for smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. This means that Solidity code can be easily compiled to EVM bytecode, which can then be deployed to the Ethereum blockchain and executed by the EVM. This makes it a natural choice for developers looking to build decentralized applications on the Ethereum network.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Overall, Solidity is a language that combines the best features of C++, Python, and JavaScript and is optimized for building smart contracts and decentralized applications on the Ethereum blockchain. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The language Solidity is statically typed, which means that the data type of a variable must be explicitly defined before it can be used in the code. This helps to prevent errors and makes the code more readable and maintainable. For example, if you want to create a variable that will hold an integer value, you &lt;br&gt;
would define it as "int" or "uint" (unsigned integer) rather than as a general "variable".In addition to being statically typed, Solidity also supports inheritance, libraries and complex user-defined data types such as structs and enums. Inheritance allows the creation of a new contract that inherits the properties and methods of an existing contract, which makes it possible to reuse code and reduces the overall complexity of the code.Libraries are a way to package and reuse code across multiple contracts. This can be useful for functionality that is common across multiple contracts, such as mathematical operations or data storage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Structs, Enums are complex user-defined data types that allow developers to define custom data structures and enumerated types. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Structs, for example, allow developers to create custom data types that can hold multiple variables of different types.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Enums, on the other hand, allow developers to define a set of named values, which can be used to represent certain states or options in the code.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Overall, the support for inheritance, libraries, and complex user-defined data types makes Solidity a powerful and flexible language for building smart contracts and decentralized applications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;ex: With solidity you can create contracts for uses such as voting, crowd funding, blind auctions and multi-sig wallets we will learn about all these as we move forward.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One of the main purposes of a smart contract is to remove the dependence on trust between parties, thus providing a secure and transparent way to execute agreements. One example of how smart contracts can be used to accomplish this is through crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a process where a large number of people contribute small amounts of money to fund a project, product, or idea. With traditional crowdfunding, the organizer of the campaign must rely on the trust of the contributors to handle and use the funds appropriately. But with smart contracts, the process can be automated and made trustless. A smart contract can be created for a crowdfunding campaign, which will hold the funds in escrow until the fundraising goal is reached. The smart contract can be programmed with a set of rules that dictate how the funds will be released, for example, only after the fundraising goal has been reached or only after certain milestones have been achieved. This way, the contributors can be sure that their funds will be used for the intended purpose, and the organizer of the campaign can be sure that they will receive the funds they need to complete their project. Additionally, smart contracts can also be used to create a transparent record of the fundraising campaign, including how much money has been raised, who has contributed, and how the funds have been used. This transparency helps to build trust between the contributors and the organizer, and also can help to increase the success rate of the fundraising campaign.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Overall, smart contracts can be used to automate and streamline the crowdfunding process by removing the need for trust between the contributors and the organizer, providing a secure and transparent way to execute agreements, and ensuring that the funds are used for their intended purpose.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>gratitude</category>
      <category>community</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Events in Solidity: A Beginner's Guide</title>
      <dc:creator>Aayush Giri</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Jan 2023 04:32:48 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/events-in-solidity-a-beginners-guide-2ica</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/events-in-solidity-a-beginners-guide-2ica</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize a wide range of industries, and the Ethereum blockchain is one of the most popular platforms for building decentralized applications (dApps). One of the key features of Ethereum is the ability for smart contracts to interact with one another and with external clients through the use of events.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In this post, we'll take a look at what &lt;em&gt;events&lt;/em&gt; are in the context of smart contract development, and how they can be used to create powerful dApps.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  So, what are events in Solidity?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In simple terms, events are a way for smart contracts to emit log statements that are stored on the blockchain. They can be used to notify external clients or other contracts of changes or actions taken within a contract.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Events are defined using the "event" keyword, and can include any number of parameters of various types. They can be emitted using the "emit" keyword within a contract's function. When an event is emitted, it creates a log entry on the blockchain that includes the event's name and its associated parameters.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For example, let's say we have a smart contract for a virtual lemonade stand. Every time someone buys a cup of lemonade, we want to keep track of how many cups have been sold. We can use an event to log this information.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;event CupSold(uint cupsSold);
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Every time a customer buys a cup of lemonade, we would increment a variable to keep track of the total number of cups sold and then "emit" the event, like this:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;function buyLemonade() public {
    cupsSold++;
    emit CupSold(cupsSold);
}
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This would create a log that says a cup was sold and includes the total number of cups sold up until that point. This information can be accessed by anyone who has a copy of the contract's code and can be used to track the success of the lemonade stand.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another example is for a virtual auction house, Every time an item is sold, we want to notify the seller that their item has been sold and notify the buyer that they have won the auction.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;event ItemSold(address seller, address buyer, uint price);
event AuctionWon(address buyer, uint price);
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;Every time an auction ends and an item is sold, we would "emit" the two events, like this:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;function auctionEnd(address winner, uint finalPrice) public {
    emit ItemSold(msg.sender, winner, finalPrice);
    emit AuctionWon(winner, finalPrice);
}
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This would create two logs, one log that says an item was sold and includes the address of the seller, the address of the buyer, and the final price. And the other log will state that the auction was won by the buyer and the price that the item was sold for.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These logs can be accessed by external clients or other contracts through &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;web3.js&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ether.js&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, or other tools like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truffle&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hardhat&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. They allow you to listen and filter events emitted by a smart contract and retrieve the events from the blockchain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As a blockchain developer, it is important to understand how to use events effectively in your smart contract development. The key thing to **keep in mind **is that :&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Events are a way to create a log of important actions or data changes within a smart contract that can be stored on the blockchain and accessed by external clients or other contracts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;When designing an event, it is important to consider what information you want to include in the log entry, as well as how that information will be used by external clients or other contracts. You should also consider the privacy and security implications of the information you are logging.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One thing to keep in mind is that events are stored on the blockchain and can be accessed by anyone. This means that if you are logging sensitive information, you should take steps to ensure that it is properly encrypted or hashed.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Another important thing to keep in mind is that events are not the same as function calls. While function calls allow smart contracts to interact with one another, events are used to create log entries that can be accessed by external clients.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;It's also important to note that events can be listened to, which means that external clients or other contracts can react to specific events. For example, an external client could listen for the "CupSold" event and use the information provided in the log entry to update a visual representation of the lemonade stand's sales or trigger some action.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  Now how to read these emitted events
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are several ways to read emitted events from a smart contract. One common way is to use a client like web3.js or ether.js, which is a JavaScript library that allows you to interact with the Ethereum blockchain.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;web3.js way
Once you have web3.js set up and connected to the Ethereum network, you can use the "web3.eth.getPastEvents" method to retrieve past events from a contract. The method takes in the contract address, the event name, and an options object as arguments.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For example, to retrieve all past "CupSold" events from the lemonade contract, you could use the following code:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;const lemonadeContract = new web3.eth.Contract(lemonadeABI, lemonadeAddress);
lemonadeContract.getPastEvents("CupSold", {
    fromBlock: 0,
    toBlock: "latest"
}, (error, events) =&amp;gt; {
    console.log(events);
});
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This will return an array of objects, each object representing a past "CupSold" event, including the block number, transaction hash, and the values of the event's parameters.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another common way to read emitted events is by using a tool such as an Ethereum block explorer, which allows you to search for and view contract events on the blockchain without having to write any code.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also use tools like Truffle which is a development environment, testing framework and asset pipeline for Ethereum, that allows you to listen to events emitted by your smart contract with their built-in event emitter, Truffle emits.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ether.js way
Ether.js is a JavaScript library similar to web3.js that allows you to interact with the Ethereum blockchain. It can be used to read events emitted by smart contracts in a similar way to web3.js.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here's an example of how you could use Ether.js to retrieve all past "CupSold" events from the lemonade contract:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;const ethers = require('ethers');
const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider();

const contract = new ethers.Contract(lemonadeAddress, lemonadeABI, provider);
contract.on("CupSold", (seller, buyer, price) =&amp;gt; {
    console.log(`A cup of lemonade was sold for ${price} by ${seller} to ${buyer}`);
});
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This will log a message to the console every time a "CupSold" event is emitted by the lemonade contract.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;You can also use the contract.queryFilter() function to get all events that match certain criteria.&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class="highlight js-code-highlight"&gt;
&lt;pre class="highlight plaintext"&gt;&lt;code&gt;const filter = contract.queryFilter("CupSold", {
    fromBlock: 0,
    toBlock: "latest"
});
filter.then((events) =&amp;gt; {
    console.log(events)
});
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;



&lt;p&gt;This will return an array of objects, each object representing a past "CupSold" event, including the block number, transaction hash, and the values of the event's parameters.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In summary, you can use web3.js or Ether.js to read events emitted by a smart contract. Both libraries allow you to filter the events by block number and retrieve the events by event name. The main difference is the syntax, but the idea is the same, retrieve events emitted by a smart contract.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It's also important to note that, both web3.js and Ether.js allows you to listen to events, so you can trigger an action when the event is emitted. This can be useful for creating dapps that respond to events in real-time.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>welcome</category>
      <category>watercooler</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Introduction to Blockchain Technology</title>
      <dc:creator>Aayush Giri</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jan 2023 06:54:20 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/introduction-to-blockchain-technology-1lc1</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/introduction-to-blockchain-technology-1lc1</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Blockchain technology is a revolutionary concept that has the potential to change the way we conduct transactions and exchange value. In this chapter, we will explore the basics of blockchain technology by providing real-world examples. By the end of this chapter, you will have a solid understanding of what blockchain is and how it can be applied in different industries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.1 History of Blockchain Technology&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Blockchain technology was first proposed in 2008 by an individual or group of individuals using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. The proposal was for a new electronic cash system that would allow for peer-to-peer transactions without the need for a trusted third party. The system was called Bitcoin and it was the first implementation of blockchain technology.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For example, before the invention of Bitcoin, if Alice wants to send Bob money, she would have to go through a bank as an intermediary. However, with the invention of Bitcoin and blockchain technology, Alice can now directly send the funds to Bob without the need for a bank.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.2 Key Features of Blockchain Technology&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Blockchain technology has several key features that make it unique and valuable. These include:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Immutability: Once a block is added to a blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted. This ensures that the integrity of the data on the blockchain is preserved.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, in supply chain management, once a product is added to the blockchain, its entire journey through the supply chain is recorded and cannot be altered. This ensures the integrity of the data and helps to detect any potential fraud or errors in the supply chain.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decentralization: Blockchain technology is decentralized, meaning that it is not controlled by a single entity. Instead, it is maintained by a network of users.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, in the case of Bitcoin, there is no central authority controlling the network. Instead, the network is maintained by a decentralized network of users who validate and confirm transactions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Distributed Ledger Technology: A blockchain is a distributed ledger, meaning that it is spread across a network of computers. This ensures that the data on the blockchain is transparent and easily accessible to all users.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, in the case of real estate, the transaction data is recorded on the blockchain, making it transparent and easily accessible to all parties involved in the transaction.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.3 How Blockchain Technology Works&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
A blockchain is a digital ledger that is maintained by a network of users. Each block on a blockchain contains a group of transactions. Once a block is added to the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, imagine you want to buy a product from an online store. Once you make the payment, the transaction is recorded on the blockchain and the store sends you the product. This transaction can be viewed by anyone on the blockchain and cannot be altered or deleted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Transactions are verified by the network using consensus algorithms, which ensure that the data on the blockchain is accurate and consistent across all copies of the ledger.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, in a public blockchain like Bitcoin, transactions are verified by a decentralized network of users called miners. These miners use a consensus algorithm called "Proof of Work" to confirm the validity of transactions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.4 Types of Blockchain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
There are several different types of blockchain technology, including public, private, and consortium blockchains.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public blockchains, such as Bitcoin, are open to anyone and are maintained by a decentralized network of users.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Private blockchains, on the other hand, are only accessible to a selected group of users. They are typically used in applications such as supply chain management, where only a select group of users need access to the data on the blockchain.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consortium blockchains are a hybrid of public and private blockchains. They are maintained by a group of organizations, rather than a single entity or a decentralized network of users.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, a public blockchain like Bitcoin allows anyone to join the network and participate in transactions, while a private blockchain like Hyperledger is only accessible to a select group of users, such as within an organization. Consortium blockchain like Corda is maintained by a group of organizations in a specific industry like banks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.5 Use Cases for Blockchain Technology&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Blockchain technology has a wide range of potential uses, including:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digital currencies: Blockchain technology is the foundation of digital currencies such as Bitcoin.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are built on blockchain technology and allow for peer-to-peer transactions without the need for a trusted third party.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Supply chain management: Blockchain technology can be used to track the movement of goods through the supply chain, providing transparency and increasing efficiency.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, Walmart uses blockchain technology to track the movement of goods through its supply chain, which helps to detect any potential fraud or errors and improve efficiency.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Banking and finance: Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize the way financial transactions are conducted, making them faster, cheaper, and more secure.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, J.P Morgan uses blockchain technology to enable faster and more efficient cross-border payments for its clients.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Healthcare: Blockchain technology can be used to securely store and share medical records, enabling faster and more efficient healthcare.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, the Estonian government uses blockchain technology to securely store and share citizens' medical records, which improves the speed and efficiency of healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Digital identity: Blockchain technology can be used to create and manage digital identities, providing a secure and decentralized way to store personal information.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example, in countries with less developed infrastructure, blockchain technology can be used to create digital identities for individuals who may not have official government identification.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As you can see, blockchain technology has a wide range of potential uses across different industries, and its potential continues to be explored. This chapter provides just an overview of the basics of blockchain technology, there are many more things to discover and learn.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>webdev</category>
      <category>blockchain</category>
      <category>ethereum</category>
      <category>fundamentals</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bitcoin Has Delivered 99.996% Deflation !</title>
      <dc:creator>Aayush Giri</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Sep 2022 08:38:02 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/bitcoin-has-delivered-99996-deflation--4o7n</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/bitcoin-has-delivered-99996-deflation--4o7n</guid>
      <description>&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not only is the dilution of Bitcoin much less aggressive than USD over the last six years, it’s also much more consistent, not susceptible to political whims and, of course, predictable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Economists with Bloomberg Economics estimate that roughly half of Bitcoin’s recent returns can be explained by inflation fears, with the other half coming from market exuberance and momentum trading. “Our model shows that for Bitcoin, the &lt;strong&gt;importance of inflation&lt;/strong&gt; and hedging against uncertainty become more important drivers over time, accounting for 50% of price moves in the latest cycle relative to 20% in 2017. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bitcoin-as-an-inflation-hedge&lt;/strong&gt; arguments have been around since the token was created in 2009 following the great economic recession. The premise has gained momentum as prices on everything from food to gas to housing have advanced faster and been stickier over the past few months than many economists had anticipated. Wednesday’s data showed U.S. consumer prices rose last month at the fastest annual pace since 1990, in effect cementing high inflation as a hallmark of the pandemic recovery.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Many notable Wall Street investors and analysts have bought into the idea of using cryptocurrencies as a hedge against rising prices. Veteran hedge fund manager &lt;em&gt;Paul Tudor Jones&lt;/em&gt; has said in the past that he likes it as a store of wealth. Meanwhile, MicroStrategy Inc.’s &lt;em&gt;Michael Saylor&lt;/em&gt; said the Federal Reserve’s relaxing of its inflation policy helped convince him to invest the enterprise-software maker’s cash into Bitcoin. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Bitcoin’s programmed predictability contrasts it from the uncertain policy decisions that impact the dollar.” &lt;br&gt;
But there are plenty of counter-arguments too, most notably that Bitcoin hasn’t been in existence long enough to establish it can for sure act as a hedge amid rising prices. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Bitcoin might hold its value over the very long run. In his research on gold, Harvey found that it has held its value well for millenniums. But he also found that it’s prone to manias and crashes over shorter periods. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“Investors need to be cautious if they’re thinking that an allocation to Bitcoin will provide short-term inflation protection because we know if inflation goes up unexpectedly that that’s bad for equities, and if something’s bad for equities, that could lead to a risk-off trade.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lastly, Bitcoin doesn’t behave like it’s decoupled from everything else in the economy. “&lt;strong&gt;It behaves like a speculative asset&lt;/strong&gt;”. It was cited at the coin’s drop in March 2020, when it lost roughly half its value amid a plunge in U.S. stocks. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--EeXf_RgV--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gdnwqbr74fjwd5grwv1g.jpg" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--EeXf_RgV--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gdnwqbr74fjwd5grwv1g.jpg" alt="Image description" width="880" height="495"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>bitcoin</category>
      <category>crypto</category>
      <category>blockchain</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ether.js Library !</title>
      <dc:creator>Aayush Giri</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sun, 04 Sep 2022 10:56:52 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/etherjs-library--2542</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/etherjs-library--2542</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;A leading cryptographic library saw 4 million downloads in only August.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The developer report created by Electric Capital is the only estimate there has ever been for the number of web3 developers.&lt;br&gt;
According to the analysis, there were 18,000 web3 developers by the end of 2021, compared to 31 million developers worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not much at all!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, as their technique only included open-source code repositories, it was impossible to determine how many 18,000 repositories were undercounted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The number of "ethers" package downloads since January 2021 is depicted in the chart below. It is the foundation for many crypto/web3 applications, making it a valuable indicator of developer interest.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Since January 2021, monthly downloads have increased linearly, from 1 million in January to 4 million in August 2022.&lt;br&gt;
You may assume that 18,000 is much too few, but it won't necessarily translate to millions of new developers monthly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--y7B5S6l6--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/npllcgldxvmri96vzaxp.PNG" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--y7B5S6l6--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/npllcgldxvmri96vzaxp.PNG" alt="Image description" width="880" height="346"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=ethers&amp;amp;from=2021-01-01&amp;amp;to=2022-08-31"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>ethers</category>
      <category>ethereum</category>
      <category>blockchain</category>
      <category>javascript</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Solana may be the next big thing !</title>
      <dc:creator>Aayush Giri</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 2022 07:58:22 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/solana-may-be-the-next-big-thing--480o</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/solana-may-be-the-next-big-thing--480o</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  So, What is 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐚 ?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Solana is a highly functional 𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘯-𝘴𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘦  project that implements a new, permission less and high-speed layer-1 blockchain. 👾&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Created in 2017 by 𝘈𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘭𝘺 𝘠𝘢𝘬𝘰𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘬𝘰, Solana aims to scale throughput beyond what is typically achieved by popular blockchains while keeping costs low. Solana implements an innovative hybrid consensus model that combines a unique 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟-𝐨𝐟-𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 (𝐏𝐨𝐇)  algorithm with the lightning-fast synchronization engine, which is a version of 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟-𝐨𝐟-𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞 (𝐏𝐨𝐒) . Because of this, the Solana network can theoretically process over 𝟕𝟏𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎  transactions per second (TPS)   without any scaling solutions needed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;𝐏𝐒 :𝐕𝐢𝐬𝐚 𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲! 😮&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Solana’s 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘳𝘥-𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯  blockchain architecture is designed to facilitate smart contracts and decentralized application (DApp) creation. The project supports an array of decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms as well as nonfungible token (NFT) marketplaces.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Now question is 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐚 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Solana’s ambitious design aims to solve the 𝘣𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘬𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘮𝘢 , a concept proposed by Ethereum creator 𝘝𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘬 𝘉𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘯, in its unique way. This trilemma describes a set of three major challenges that developers face when building blockchains: decentralization, security and scalability.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is widely believed that blockchains are built in such a way that forces developers to sacrifice one of the aspects in favor of the other two, as they can only provide two of the three benefits at any given time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Solana blockchain platform has proposed a hybrid consensus mechanism that compromises on decentralization to maximize speed. The innovative combination of proof of stake(PoS) and proof of history (PoH) makes Solana a unique project in the blockchain industry.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--7duUW1Vb--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/cx7c6wfqecin0kn4ditr.png" class="article-body-image-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--7duUW1Vb--/c_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto%2Cw_880/https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/cx7c6wfqecin0kn4ditr.png" alt="Image description" width="880" height="551"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
      <category>solana</category>
      <category>web3</category>
      <category>blockchain</category>
      <category>crypt</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>What exactly is Ethereum ?</title>
      <dc:creator>Aayush Giri</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Sat, 27 Aug 2022 05:00:54 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/what-exactly-is-ethereum--37dh</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/what-exactly-is-ethereum--37dh</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ethereum **(⟠) &amp;amp; **Bitcoin&lt;/strong&gt; (₿) have nearly become household names. However, while they're often mentioned in tandem, they're far from the same. &lt;br&gt;
Bitcoin was created as an alternative, decentralized currency. Ethereum draws inspiration from Bitcoin but has bigger aspirations: To create a software platform that supports cryptocurrencies and any decentralized application that can run without a third party, thus giving people more control over their data. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  So, what is Ethereum?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The easiest way to think of the Ethereum network is as a secure database accessible to anyone. When new &lt;em&gt;"blocks"&lt;/em&gt; of data get added, they're cryptographically &lt;em&gt;"chained"&lt;/em&gt; to a parent block, effectively making an &lt;em&gt;uneditable&lt;/em&gt; record of the previous changes. Ethereum is considered one of the largest cryptocurrencies (next to ₿) because ether is the second largest crypto next to bitcoin by market capitalization. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But what makes Ethereum so exciting to users and enthusiasts is the network's potential to do more than handle financial transactions. Ethereum takes the Bitcoin blockchain further by allowing developers to run programs &lt;em&gt;(known as "smart contracts")&lt;/em&gt; that can host any decentralized application &lt;em&gt;(known as "DApps")&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;"Bitcoin was the pioneer of blockchain technology, used to create a peer-to-peer payment system".&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ethereum uses similar blockchain technology but added the ability to create decentralized applications on its platform." &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
  
  
  How does Ethereum work?
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ethereum relies on node operators to process transactions on the Ethereum network.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;"These operators collect a fee for running the hardware and software necessary to facilitate these transactions." &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The fees are called gas fees because they keep the network running. And they're paid in ether (ETH). &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Consider the many ways that you could use an extensive network of computers. Like Bitcoin, Ethereum uses it to power peer-to-peer transactions and track who owns the ether cryptocurrency.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Additionally, developers can create and run DApps on the network.
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The DApps connect to the Ethereum blockchain with "smart contracts," which are more like computer programs than contracts in the traditional sense.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;"Smart contracts are small programs stored on the Ethereum blockchain that can self-execute when certain conditions are met".&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;An excellent way to think about it is that the DApp is the program's front end, and the smart contract is the program's back end.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Also, DApps rely on the decentralized and open-source Ethereum network and can't be controlled by a single entity. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Once a DApp is added to the Ethereum platform, it can't be taken down — even if the original creator wants to remove or disbands it entirely. &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The decentralized system can lead to more anonymity for users, who may be able to use DApps pseudonymously. And it can also result in less control and censorship from third parties, including corporations and governments.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

</description>
      <category>eth</category>
      <category>web3</category>
      <category>bitc</category>
      <category>crypto</category>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Perks Of Learning Solidity !</title>
      <dc:creator>Aayush Giri</dc:creator>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Aug 2022 08:17:42 +0000</pubDate>
      <link>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/perks-of-learning-solidity--1jfm</link>
      <guid>https://forem.com/aayush_giri/perks-of-learning-solidity--1jfm</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Unless you’ve been living under a rock for the past few years, then you’ll know that Web3 and blockchain are being talked about as the future of the internet, Fintech, and more. Heck, &lt;strong&gt;Web3&lt;/strong&gt; literally refers to the newest iteration of the internet or ‘Web 3.0’.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Why should we care?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Because being able to understand and work with the underlying &lt;strong&gt;blockchain technology&lt;/strong&gt; that powers this change will reap huge rewards down the line, as well as being very lucrative even today.&lt;br&gt;
We don't need to sell monkey pics 🙉 to make money from this technology.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With that in mind, you’ve probably already been looking at a few Web3 focused languages to learn, and one of the forerunners that I recommend is Solidity, an object-oriented, high-level programming language, built for the Ethereum blockchain platform.&lt;br&gt;
Solidity is the perfect next step for Developers with experience in either Python or Javascript, but it’s also relatively easy enough to learn (when following a set training program) that even beginners can pick it up with no prior experience.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sounds good right?&lt;br&gt;
Well, it gets better! &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Let me list some of the reasons why one should explore this technology.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;*&lt;em&gt;Reason #1️ To finally understand those blockchain/crypto/NFT memes!&lt;br&gt;
*&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;There’s multiple meta-level memeing happening here! learning Solidity will give you an understanding of blockchain, which is the core foundation of all Web3 technology&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reason #2️ Solidity is the best introduction to the world of blockchain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Solidity language itself is a high-level (similar to how people talk), so it’s not too complex and was specifically designed for working with blockchains. Fortunately, though, Solidity makes for the perfect entry into this world.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reason #3️. Learning Solidity will allow you to create Smart Contracts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Of course, the only direct reason to learn Solidity is so you can write smart contracts.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reason #4️. Solidity works with the Ethereum Virtual Machine, which is used everywhere! (Even with other independent and layer-2 chains)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The EVM or Ethereum Virtual Machine is the software platform developed by Ethereum, that allows Developers to create decentralized applications (DApps).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reason #5️. Solidity is the main programming language for DeFi (Decentralized Finance)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Solidity powers most DeFi applications, meaning that there is a heap of job opportunities for Solidity Developers in this field.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reason #6️. Blockchain Developers are in high job demand + very well paid !!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Just being a Software Engineer already puts you in high demand, but Solidity Developers are even rarer.In a recent survey it was found that the best programming languages to learn in 2022 is Solidity and was also the highest-paid language, starting at $112,000 and ramping up to $166,000 USD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reason #7️. Remote work!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Decentralized, asynchronous work from any location and for high pay? Yes, please!&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

</description>
      <category>blockchain</category>
      <category>solidity</category>
      <category>web3</category>
      <category>webdev</category>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
