Day-15: Static vs Non-Static Methods, Global vs Local Variables in Java

#programming #java #git #method

Static Keyword in Java:
The static keyword in Java is used to create class-level variables and methods. These members are shared across all instances of the class, meaning they are class-wide and not tied to individual object instances.

Static Variables (Fields)
Static variables, also referred to as class variables or fields, are shared among all instances of a class. These variables are initialized only once and are common to every object of that class.

Static Methods
Static methods can be called without creating an instance of the class. These methods can only access other static members (variables and methods) within the class.

Example code for Static and Local Variables in Java:

public class Clock {
    // Static
    static String timezone = "IST";
    static void setAlarm() {
        System.out.println(" Alarm set for 7:00 AM!");
    }

    // Non-static - decleartion
    int hours;
    int minutes;

    void displayTime() {
        String greeting; // Local variable
        if (hours < 12) greeting = "Good morning!";
        else if (hours < 18) greeting = "Good afternoon!";
        else greeting = "Good evening!";

        System.out.println(greeting + " Current time: " + hours + ":" + minutes + " " + timezone);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Static access
        System.out.println("Timezone: " + Clock.timezone);
        Clock.setAlarm();

        // Time objects
        Clock t1 = new Clock();
        t1.hours = 9;
        t1.minutes = 30;


        // Non-static calls
        t1.displayTime();
    }
}

Code Output: