Data Structures and Algorithms in Python

1. Arrays e Linked Lists

Arrays
An array is a collection of elements stored in contiguous memory locations.

Characteristics:

• Fast access to any element using an index.
• Insertion/removal can be costly.

Linked Lists
A Linked List is a data structure where each element (node) points to the next.

Characteristics:

• Efficient insertion/removal.
• Sequential access.

2. Hash Tables

Hash tables store data in key-value pairs with fast lookup using hashing.

3. Heaps, Stacks, and Queues

Heaps
A heap is a special binary tree used to quickly access the smallest (min-heap) or largest (max-heap) element.

Stacks

A stack follows the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle.

Queues

A queue follows the FIFO (First In, First Out) principle.

4. Binary Search Tree (BST)

A BST is a binary tree where the left subtree contains smaller values and the right subtree, larger ones.

5. Recursion

Recursion is when a function calls itself.

6. Sorting Algorithms

Bubble Sort

Merge Sort

Conclusion

Data structures and algorithms are essential for building efficient and scalable solutions. They are found in everyday tasks such as searching through lists, organizing files, queue systems, and much more.